by Sania Kanwal

Deductive Reasoning

Free Powerpoint Templates

Page 1

Deductive Reasoning

Deductive reasoning, or deduction, starts with a general case and deduces specific instances. Deduction starts with an assumed hypothesis or theory, which is why it has been called 'hypotheticodeduction
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 2

Deductive Reasoning:
1. Induction is a major kind of reasoning process in which a conclusion is drawn from particular cases. It is usually contrasted with deduction, the reasoning process in which the conclusion logically follows from the premises, and in which the conclusion has to be true if the premises are true. 2. In inductive reasoning, on the contrary, there is no logical movement from premises to conclusion. 3. The premises constitute good reasons for accepting the conclusion. 4. The premises in inductive reasoning are usually based on facts or observations. 5. There is always a possibility, though, that the premises may be true while the conclusion is false, since there is not necessarily a logical relationship between premises and conclusion."

Free Powerpoint Templates

Page 3

Inductive Reasoning
by Aiman Israr

Free Powerpoint Templates

Page 4

Inductive Reasoning

Inductive reasoning, also

known as induction, is a kind of reasoning that constructs or evaluates general propositions that are derived from specific examples

Free Powerpoint Templates

Page 5

Inductive Reasoning:
1. Induction is a major kind of reasoning process in which a conclusion is drawn from particular cases. It is usually contrasted with deduction, the reasoning process in which the conclusion logically follows from the premises, and in which the conclusion has to be true if the premises are true. 2. In inductive reasoning, on the contrary, there is no logical movement from premises to conclusion. 3. The premises constitute good reasons for accepting the conclusion. 4. The premises in inductive reasoning are usually based on facts or observations. 5. There is always a possibility, though, that the premises may be true while the conclusion is false, since there is not necessarily a logical relationship between premises and conclusion."

Free Powerpoint Templates

Page 6

Inductive Reasoning
Inductive reasoning is used when generating hypotheses, formulating theories and discovering relationships, and is essential for scientific discovery.

Free Powerpoint Templates

Page 7

Inductive Reasoning:
Examples:

1. Inductive reasoning is probabilistic; it only states that, given the premises, the conclusion is probable.
A statistical syllogism is an example of inductive reasoning: 90% of humans are right-handed. Joe is a human. Therefore, the probability that Joe is right-handed is 90% (therefore, if we are required to guess we will choose "right-handed" in the absence of any other evidence).

Free Powerpoint Templates

Page 8

Inductive Reasoning:
Examples:

2. Mikhail hails from Russia.

Russians are tall. Mikhail is tall.

Free Powerpoint Templates

Page 9

Difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?

Inductive reasoning starts with empirical observations of specific phenomena, then establishes a general rule to fit the observed facts. Deductive reasoning starts with a general rule, then applies that rule to a specific instance.

Free Powerpoint Templates

Page 10