HIPERSENSITIVITAS

Glosarium
hypersensivity : an altered, enhanced immune reaction leading to pathological changes ; also called allergy anaphylaxis : a hypersensitivity reaction involving IgE antibodies, mast cells, and basophils
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Glosarium

immune complex : a circulating antigenantibody aggregate capable of fixing complement

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Glosarium
complement : a group of serum proteins involved in phagocytosis and lysis of bacteria ; a group of serum proteins that is activated by factors such as the combination of antigen and antibody and results in a variety of biological consequences, including cell lysis and opsonization
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Glosarium

opsonin : a substance that facilitates phagocytosis by coating foreign particles

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Glosarium
sel NK (natural killer cell) : a lymphoid cell that destroys tumor cells and virus-infected cells antigen-presenting cell (APC) : a macrophage or dendritic cell that engulfs an antigen and presents fragments to T cells
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Glosarium

dendritic cell : a type of antigen-presenting cell characterized by long fingerlike extensions ; found in lymphatic tissue and skin
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Klasifikasi Hipersensitivitas

1. Tipe I (anafilaktis) 2. Tipe II (sitotoksis) 3. Tipe III (kompleks imun) 4. Tipe IV (cell-mediated or delayed-type)
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Tipe I
Nama lain : immediate hypersensitivity, allergic reaction Yang berperan : antigen (alergen), IgE, sel mast, dan basofil Jangka waktu sampai kemunculan tanda-tanda klinis : < 30 menit
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Tipe I
Contoh : setelah injeksi antibiotika, sengatan insekta, urtikaria, hay fever, dan asma Dibagi menjadi dua : anafilaksis sistemik dan anafilaksis lokal (localized anaphylaxis) Contoh anafilaksis sistemik : syok anafilaktik Contoh anafilaksis lokal : asma (saluran pernapasan bawah)

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Tipe I

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Tipe II Nama lain : cytotoxic hypersensitivity Yang berperan : cell surface antigen, sel target, IgM, IgG, komplemen, netrofil, makrofag, dan sel NK
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Tipe II
Jangka waktu sampai kemunculan tandatanda klinis : 5 12 jam Contoh : reaksi transfusi, inkompatibilitas Rh (erythroblastosis fetalis/hemolytic disease of the newborn/HDNB), anemia hemolitik karena alergi obat tertentu, dan thrombocytopenic purpura
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Tipe II

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Tipe III
Nama lain : immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity Yang berperan : antigen, IgG, kompleks imun, komplemen, dan netrofil Jangka waktu sampai kemunculan tandatanda klinis : 3 8 jam Contoh : reaksi Arthus, glomerulonefritis, dan serum sickness
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Tipe III

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Tipe IV
Nama lain : cell-mediated reaction or delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) Yang berperan : antigen, antigenpresenting cell, sel T (terutama sel TD), dan makrofag Sel TD : sel T delayed hipersensitivity
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Tipe IV
Jangka waktu sampai kemunculan tanda-tanda klinis : 24 48 jam Contoh : penolakan jaringan yang ditransplantasikan, dermatitis kontak alergika, dan uji tuberkulin
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Tipe IV

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