ISO corrections

all performance data is ISO corrected and compared with a fingerprint of the engine
deviations from expected performance trigger diagnostics tools to enable rapid, preventative action

Gas Turbine - baseline analysis

Actual performance points Baseline performance lines

ABC Mode

AB Mode

BC Mode

Change burner mode to BC to save fuel if demand is unlikely to increase Shows a fuel issue for BC mode in this case can then drill down to determine whether mechanical or control

LM2500+DLE : Fuel flow (NTI) vs combuster inlet T

Gas Compressor - baseline analysis

AB Mode

BC Mode

Model Based Diagnostics - principles

Actual Process Plant Process Outputs

Process Inputs

Discrepancies

Root Cause

ALERT
Models

Predicted Outputs

Rigorous Thermodynamic Modelling for Gas Turbines & Compressors Quickly eliminate spurious data (e.g. sensor errors) Determine un-measured values (e.g. hot section gas path)

Gas Turbine - Model Based Diagnostics

gas path analysis
actual process data is compared with modelled values along the gas path sensor errors are quickly eliminated by comparison with modelled values un-measured values are determined in the hot zone to support component life prediction

fault indices are produced enabling diagnosis at the component level

Gas Compressor Model Based Diagnostics

polytropic efficiency and head coefficients are modelled

deviations from the models enable possible sensor errors to be eliminated leading to rapid fault diagnosis

gas turbine driver characteristics are displayed on the compressor envelope

On Line Instrument Validation

healthy discharge temp, spurious efficiency

On Line Instrument Validation

healthy efficiency, spurious suction temperature

Emissions Management
validated monitoring & reporting using performance data

emissions fingerprint

engine parameters

process conditions
fuel specific gravity fuel calorific value etc..

calculated emissions

fuel flow, exhaust T mechanical condition AIT, CDP, CDT, etc..

Emissions Management
engine model specific validation and characterisation - SAC

Emissions Management
Engine model specific validation and characterisation - DLN
Typical GE LM2500+DLE Gas Turbine - NOx emission profile OCMS NOx Primary Bulk Reference Baseline - All Modes (variable bleed range 50% TFL) @ 15% O2 Ref.
y = -2.71533E-03x 2 + 1.63574E+00x - 1.83720E+02 100 EA Site Authorisation Limit 90 80 NOx-PRI (AB check 1) 70
NOX_PRI (mg/m^3)

y = -4.76857E-01x + 2.34661E+02 y = -4.82959E-01x + 2.31191E+02

y = 5.87267E-03x 2 - 5.25563E+00x + 1.20453E+03

Full Load Rating 27.4 MW @ 470 T3SEL 75% of Rating 20.5 MW @ 425 T3SEL

Push

50% of Rating 13.7 MW @ 385 T3SEL

NOx-PRI (AB check 2) NOx-PRI (ABC check) NOx-PRI (BC check) BC Push Push AB NOx-CONC (BC push) NOx-CONC (AB push 1) NOx-CONC (AB push 2) NOx-CONC (ABC push) Linear (NOx-PRI (AB check 1)) Linear (NOx-PRI (AB check 2)) ABC Poly. (NOx-PRI (ABC check)) Poly. (NOx-PRI (BC check))

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 260

Authorisation limit burner modes BC to AB to ABC Note NOX emissions increase at end of each burner mode minimum bleed push

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

500

T3SEL (Deg C)

GE LM2500+DLE : NOx vs combuster inlet T

Fleet Reliability Management

engine component life - low cycle fatigue

Implementation of OEM bulletin recommendations Calculation of cyclic usage between stop / start cycles & over engine life Particularly useful in variable load applications Cost-effectively schedule component replacement particularly in hot section

RR Avon Mk.1533 : Gas Generator - Low Cycle Fatigue

Fleet Reliability Management

standard station/unit alarm & trip categorisation

Fleet Capital Replacement Strategy

based on Performance, Emissions, Availability & Reliability data

Fleet Capital Replacement Strategy

multiple criteria decision analysis

Fleet Capital Replacement Strategy

multiple criteria decision analysis