Professional Documents
Culture Documents
History
1957 - Coenzyme Q10 was first isolated from beef heart mitochondria by Dr. Frederick Crane 1958 - The precise chemical structure of Coenzyme Q10 was determined by professor Karl Folkers and collaborators at Merck, Inc. 1961 - Coenzyme Q10 was considered as a potential treatment for cancer. 1964 Coenzyme Q10 demonstrated its usefulness for the treatment of congestive heart failure. 1970 Coenzyme Q10 demonstrated its effectiveness as an anti-oxidant.
Biosynthesis of Coenzyme Q
1. Synthesis of the benzoquinone structure from either tyrosine or phenylalanine 2. Synthesis of the isoprene side chain from acetylcoenzyme A via the mevalonate pathway.
lipophilic, water-insoluble substances benzoquinone head and terpinoid tail various coenzymes Q relate to the number of isoprenoid units (5-carbon structure) in the tail
The highest concentrations is found in the heart, the liver, the kidneys, and the pancreas. The lowest concentration is found in the lungs.
transport protons across lysosomal membranes help to maintain the optimal pH for cellular recycling
Reliable and relatively consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit for Angina and Hypertension
Singh et. al. double-blind, placebo-controlled study Burke et. al double-blind, placebo-controlled study
59 men already on hypertension medications had 120mg Coenzyme Q10 daily for 8 week Blood pressure reduced by about 9% as compared to placebo 83 people with isolated systolic hypertension had 60mg Coenzyme Q10 daily for 12 week Blood pressure reduced
Contradictory, insufficient, or preliminary studies suggesting a health benefit or minimal health benefit for Cardiomyopathy, Cerebellar ataxia (familial), Congestive heart failure, Diabetes, Gingivitis (periodontal disease), Halitosis (if gum disease), Migraine headaches, Parkinson's disease, Renal (kidney) failure
Baggio et al. open marketing study
2500 Class II or III patients had 100mg Coenzyme Q10 for 3 months with Signs of heart failure were reduced: 77% in edema, 54% in dyspnea, 82% in jugular venous pressure. 85 CHF patients had Coenzyme Q10 treatment Failed to find any evidence of benefit the patients with coenzyme Q treatment.
For an herb, supported by traditional use but minimal or no scientific evidence. For a supplement, little scientific support and/or minimal health benefit for Alzheimers disease, Athletic performance, Breast cancer, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), HIV support, Infertility (male), Insulin resistance syndrome (Syndrome X), Lung cancer, Muscular dystrophy, Prostate cancer
Efficacy Data
Human/Clinical studies
Disease treatment
Others:
Small trials (usually less than 100 people) Short term (up to 12 week) Most are double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial Few are non-double blind, or non-randomized
Produced endogenously in all tissues (~0.5g/day regenerated, with a body pool of ~2g)
Naturally present in small amounts in a wide varied of foods
Rich sources can be found in organ meats such as heart, liver and kidney, as well as beef, soy oil, sardines, mackerel and peanuts
1 pound of sardines = 30 mg 2 pounds of beef = 30 mg 2.5 pounds of peanuts = 30 mg 50 times more antioxidant power than Vitamin E Found to sustain vitamin Es antioxidant effects
Believed to fall off rapidly in middle age, accelerating the aging process
Exercise increases catabolism of and need for CoQ10 Disease or other stress impairs intake and absorption of the substrate
Absorbed in the small intestines directly into the lymphatic system, followed by absorption into the blood stream Absorption tends to be poor (lipophilicity)
In the blood, CoQ10 is partitioned into various lipoproteins: VLDL, LDL and HDL, with peak blood levels occurring in 5 to 10 hours It is found in all cells of the body and is distributed to the various tissues of the body (important to know that is able to enter the brain)
Takes roughly 3 weeks of daily dosing to reach the maximum serum concentrations
Excretion
Capsules (10 mg, 30 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg) Chewable Tablets (100 mg, 200 mg) Liquid softgel (30 mg/5 ml)
CoEnzyme Q10, 300mg (60 caps): $84.96 WholeHealth.com Pure Encapsulated CoQ10 60mg (250caps): $132.00; 30mg (250caps): $76.80 Graceful Earth.com Coenzyme Q-10 30 mg (60 chewable tabs): $9.09 CoEnzyme Q10, 50 mg (200 Softgels): $44.18 Co-Q-10-Plus, 50 mg (60 tabs): $41.50 Cybervitamins.com CoQ10 Vitaline, Enzymatic Therapy, 100 mg (30 Chocolate Flavored Chewable Wafers): $25.88 iherb.com New Chapter Organics Bio-Grown CoQ10, 22mg (30 Vcaps): $23.24 drugstore.com Nivea Visage Q10 Advanced Wrinkle Reducer Lotion SPF 15: $10.99 drugstore.com Nivea Visage Q10 Advanced Wrinkle Reducer Night Crme: $10.99 drugstore.com Nivea Visage Q10 Advanced Wrinkle Reducer Plus Eye Creme SPF 4 0.5 oz (14 g): $10.99 drugstore.com
No known toxic dose For Hypertension: 30 mg, 2 times a day For Angina: 50 mg, 3 times a day For Congestive Heart Failure Mild: 30 mg a day Severe: 30 mg, 3 times a day For Cardiomyopathy: 50 mg, 2 times a day As an Antioxidant: 30 mg to 60 mg a day Mitral Valve Prolapse in Children: 2 mg/kg/day
The term "dietary supplement under Section 201 (21 U.S.C. 321)
(1) means a product (other than tobacco) intended to supplement the diet that bears or contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients:
(A) a vitamin; (B) a mineral; (C) an herb or other botanical; (D) an amino acid; (E) a dietary substance for use by man to supplement the diet by increasing the total dietary intake; or (F) a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combination of any ingredient described in clause (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E);
No determined state regulations on this product Violations of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (amendment to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act) occur when claims are made that a supplement are intended for the use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease Why is this important? Because the above statement is the FDAs definition of a drug And a new drug may not be legally marketed in the United States without an approved New Drug Application (NDA)
T.J. Clark Liquid Co-Q10 Advanced Formula: [A] very beneficial supplement for individuals who suffer from disorders of the cardiovascular system.... Revive failing hearts... Lower blood pressure
New Chapter Organics Bio-Grown CoQ10, 22mg (30 Vcaps): $23.24, 30 day supply Twinlab Twinsorb CoQ10, 50mg (60 Softgels): Antioxidant, 50 mg a day: $21.60 30 day supply Medical conditions, 150 mg a day: $65, 30 day supply Twinlab Super E-Complex 1000 IU, (100 Softgels): Medical conditions, 400mg to 600 mg a day: $9.00, 30 day supply Altace (Ramipril): 5mg for the maintenance dose (180 capsules): $36, 30 day supply
Natures Bounty Q-Sorb Co Q-10 50 mg (50 Softgels): Antioxidant, 50 mg a day: $12.00, 30 day supply Medical conditions, 150 mg a day: $36.00, 30 day supply Nature Made Vitamin E Premium 1000 IU USP (Softgel 100): Medical conditions, 400mg to 600 mg a day: $3.60, 30 day supply Altace (Ramipril): 5mg for the maintenance dose (180 capsules): $43.20, 30 day supply
References
Anne Keogh, Steve Fenton, Christina Leslie, et. al. Randomised Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Coenzyme Q10 Therapy in Class II and III Systolic Heart Failure. Heart Lung & Circulation. 2003;12:135-41. Baggio E, Gandini R, Plancher A, et. al. Italian multicentre study on the safety and efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 as adjunctive therapy in heart failure. The Coenzyme Q10 Drug Survellance Investigators. Clin. Invest. 1993;71:S145-9. Burke BE, Neuenschwander R, Olson RD. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 in isolated systolic hypertension. South Med Journal. 2001;94:1112-7. Flint Beal, Clifford Shults. Effects of Coenzyme Q10 in Huntingtons disease and early Parkinsons disease. BioFactors 18. 2003;18:153-161. Franklin Rosenfield, Deborah Hilton, Salvatore Pepe, et. al. Systematic review of effect of coenzyme Q10 in physical exercise, hypertension and heart failure. BioFactors. 2003;18:91-100. Kenneth Jones, Kerry Hughs, Laurie Mischley, et. al. Coenzyme Q-10 and Cardiovascular Health. Alternative therapies. 2004;10(1):22-30. Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen PH, Folkers K. A six year clinical study of therapy of cardiomyopathy with coenzyme Q10. Int J Tissue React(Swtizerland), 1990;12(3):169-71. Singh R, Niaz MA, Rastogi SS, et. al. Effect of hydrosoluble coenzyme Q10 on blood pressures and insulin resistance in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. J Human Hypertens. 1999:13:203-8. Ely, JTA and Krone, CA. A Brief Update on Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10). Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine 2000; 15(2):63-68. Retrived from the web on May 8, 2005 at http://faculty.washington.edu/~ely/JOM5.html Langsjoen, PH. Introduction to Coenzyme Q10. Retrieved from the web on May 8, 2005 at http://faculty.washington.edu/~ely/coenzq10.html#FAQ Facts and Comparisons: The review of Natural Products. Aug 1997 Physicians Desk Reference. 2005. Retrieved from the web on May 6, 2005 at http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/coe_0084.shtml Micromedix. 2005. OSU subscription National Cancer Institute (NCI) and National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCAM). Retrieved from the web on May 8, 2005 at http://cis.nci.nih.gov/fact/9_16.htm Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, Public Law 103-417, 103rd Congress. Retrieved from the web on May 8, 2005 at http://www.fda.gov/opacom/laws/dshea.html Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, Title 21, Chapter 9. Retrieved from the web on May 8, 2005 at http://www.access.gpo.gov/uscode/title21/chapter9_.html Walgreens.com Drugstore.com