Numerical and Wind-Tunnel Simulation of Wind Loads on Smooth and Rough Domes

R.N. Meroney C.W. Letchford P.P. Sarkar

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Powerpoint Presentations!

Structural Domes

Domes are commonly used to enclose large spaces because of their structural efficiency and economic benefit. Domes are excellent at resisting symmetric loading, but Asymmetric loading may cause structural distress and failure.
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Domed Sports Halls & Stadiums

Pepsi Center, Denver

Hubert H. Humphrey Metro-Dome, Min

Houston Astrodome

Little Sports Palace, Rome

Sun Dome, Fukui, Japan

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Assembly Hall Dome

Assembly Hall, U. of Illinois Urbana/Champ

Domed Public Buildings

^ Public Exhibition Halls Millennium Dome, London, 320 m diameter, 80,000 sq m floor space

^
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Museums and Halls, Barlow Planetarium, CA

Inflated Domes

US Pavilion, Osaka Exposition 1970

RCA (Hoosier) Dome Indianapolis, IN

Carrier Stadium, Syracuse University

Georgia Dome, Atlanta

Silverdome, Pontiac, MI

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Inflated Domes (contd)

Tokyo Dome Big Egg Stadium, Tokyo, Japan

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Bulk Storage: Dust Supression, Water and Wastewater Treatment Covers

Temcor Aluminum Domes Triangulated space truss system with triangulated panels
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Bulk Storage: Coke Piles

Pittsburgh, CA Marine Terminal Coke Storage Domes Three 55 m (180 ft) diameter hemispheres

Los Angeles, CA Export Terminal Coke Storage Domes Construction Two 73 m (240 ft) diameter hemispheres, Shotcrete applied to interior of inflated airform mounted on footer and stem wall 14

Rough Surface Hemispheres

Sometimes construction technique leaves surface texture rough!

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WIND RESEARCH & DESIGN

CFD Validation Using Physical Modeling

VERIFICATION BEFORE PROGNOSTICATION

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Wind Effects on Hemispherical Domes

Inflated domes require internal pressures exceeding external pressures to avoid buckling. Internal pressures must not be too large or excessive membrane or tensile forces occur, and membrane tears.

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Wind-tunnel Study of Inflated Domes

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Newman, Ganguli and Shrivastava (1984) studied pressure distributions on three inflatable domes in a boundary layer. H/D = 0.5, 0.37 & 0.25, H/=0.12-0.13, U=7.5 m/s, Re=UD/=226,000 FEM calculations show buckling occurs on plane of symmetry and upwind when the internal inflation pressures < 0.7-0.44 of the dynamic pressure at the dome top.
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CSU WEFL Wind Tunnel Experiment

CSU WEFL Industrial Aerodynamics Wind Tunnel

Hot Film Anemometer Postprocess Software PC-NT Computer Pressure Transducer Pressure Scanner

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Wind-Tunnel Initial Conditions

Grid: 86,000 cells

Z = 1m Z = 0.8 m ASCE 7-98C Windtunnel

Velocity Contours: Umax = 15 m/s

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Grid Systems: One and Two Domes

18,000 Cells

33,000 Cells

16,400 Cells

43,000 Cells

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Hemisphere Grids
Boundary layer & Hex Grid Boundary layer & Tet Grid

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Velocity & Turbulence Profiles: Single Dome Comparisons

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Single Dome Comparisons: Pressure Profiles

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Single Dome Comparisons: Reynolds Number Variation

Reynolds Number = (U H/) = 185,000 Reynolds Number = (U H/) = 1,440,000

Conclusion: No significant difference
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Single Dome Comparisons: Turbulence Models

Standard kappaepsilon model (2 equations) Reynolds stress model (7 equations) Spalart Allmaras model (1 equation) Conclusion: No significant difference
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Single Dome Comparisons: Pressure Profiles

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Single Dome Comparisons: Smooth vs Rough

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Double Dome Comparisons Approach wind at 90o

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Double Dome Comparisons Approach wind at 90o

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Surface Pressures: Angles 0o, 45o & 90o

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Pressure Coefficient Contours: Experimental vs Numerical: Approach wind at 0o

Cp Contours: numerical Cp Contours: experimental

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Double Dome Comparisons Approach wind at 0o

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Double Dome Comparisons Approach wind at 45o

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Pressure Coefficient Contours: Experimental vs Numerical: Approach wind at 90o

Cp Contours: numerical

Cp Contours: experimental

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Double Dome Comparisons Approach wind at 90o

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Conclusions

CFD calculations reproduced mean Cp behavior over smooth, rough and paired domes. CFD calculations using k-, RNG, and Rey turbulence models gave similar results. CFD calculations at high and low Reynolds numbers gave similar results.
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Approaching the End

WHALE WATCHING IS NOT AN EMERGENCY KEEP DRIVING

GOOD LUCK

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The End

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