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Definition of Dispersion
Dispersion indicates the measure of the extent to which individual items differ. It indicates lack of uniformity in the size of items. Dispersion or spread is the degree of the scatter or variation of the variables about central value OR The degree to which numerical data tend to spread about an average value is called the Variation or dispersion .
It should be rigidly defined. It should be simple to understand & easy to calculate. It should be based upon all values of given data. It should be capable of further mathematical treatment. It should have sampling stability. It should be not be unduly affected by extreme values.
3. Mean Deviation.
4. Standard Deviation.
RANGE
Definition: For Unclassified data: Range is defined as the difference between the largest and the smallest values of the data, Symbolically, R=LS Where L = Largest value, S = Smallest value, R = Range
The relative measure of range is defined as,
RANGE
Definition: For Classified data: Range is defined as the difference between the upper boundary of last class interval and the lower boundary of first class boundary of the distribution. Symbolically, R = ULI LFI Where ULI = upper boundary of last class interval, LFI = lower boundary of first class interval, R = Range
The relative measure of range is defined as,
MERITS OF RANGE :
Range is rigidly defined. 2. Range is simple to understand and easy to calculate.
1.
DEMERITS OF RANGE :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Range is not based upon all observation of given data. Range is not capable for further mathematical treatment. Range is much affected by extreme values. Range is much affected by sampling variation. Range can not be calculated for open end classes without any assumptions.
What is the range of the following data: 4 8 1 6 6 2 9 3 6 9 Soln: The largest score (L) is 9; The smallest score (S) is 1; Range= R =L - S = 9 - 1 = 8.
= = = 0.8
Coefficient of Range = R =
QUARTILE DEVIATION
Definition:
Q3 Q1 2
Where Q3 = Upper (Third) quartile, Q1 = Lower (First) quartile The relative measure of quartile deviation is defined as, Coefficient of Q.D. =
Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1
Range and Quartile deviation are not based upon all observations. They are positional measures of dispersion. They do not show any scatter of the observations from an average. The mean deviation based upon all the observations.
MEAN DEVIATION :
Definition: For Unclassified data: Let x1, x2,., xn are n observations of given data. If n values x1, x2,., xn have an Arithmetic mean then are the deviations of values from mean. Mean deviation about mean is defined as follow,
Similarly, If Me is median of given data, Then Men deviation about median is given by,
If Mo is the mode of given data. Than Mean Deviation about mode is,
For Classified data: Let the variable X has values x1, x2,., xn with frequencies f1, f2,., fn If n values x1, x2,., xn have an Arithmetic mean then Mean deviation about mean is defined as follow,
Similarly, If Me is median of given data, Then Mean deviation about median is given by,
If Mo is the mode of given data. Than Mean Deviation about mode is,
Definition: For Classified data: Let variables X has values x1, x2,., xn with frequencies f1, f2,., fn . If n values x1, x2,., xn have an Arithmetic mean Than Standard deviation is given by
STANDERD DEVIATION
Definition: For Unclassified data: Let x1, x2,., xn are n observations of given data. If n values x1, x2,., xn have an Arithmetic mean Than Standard deviation is given by
When this is expressed as percentage, that is multiplied by 100, it is called Coefficient of variation. The coefficient of variation is the ratio of standard deviation to the arithmetic mean expressed as percentage.