An ecosystem is the structural and functional unit of the biosphere comprising living organisms and their non living

environment that interact by means of food chain and chemical cycles and food chain form the ecosystem

Types of ecosystem On the basis of nature ecosystem may be classified into

1.Natural ecosystem 2. Artificial ecosystem
. Artificial ecosystem 1.Natural ecosystem These are made by man. In these ecosystem natural balance is maintained These are the ecosystem operated in the nature by themselves using addition of energy and planned manipulation e.g. dam garden

without any human interference e.g. ; lakes , ponds etc.

the types of natural ecosystem

ecosystem

aquatic

terrestrial

Fresh water

marine

grassland

desert

forest

Components of ecosystem
There are two major components of ecosystem 1. Biotic components components 2. abiotic

abiotic components
abiotic components are non-living factors in the environment which affect ecosystems
It includes :

1. Physical environment e.g. : soil, water, air

.

2.inorganic substances e.g. carbon dioxide , oxygen , nitrogen

3.Climatical factors e.g. light ,temperature ,rainfall ,pressure

Biotic components
The living organisms in the ecosystem form the biotic components . It consists of community of organisms ( plants and animals ) which are interdependent on each others

These organisms occurring in the ecosystem are classified into three

1.Producer 2. Consumers 3.Decomposers

Producers
Producers are the organisms which can prepare their own food from simple inorganic substances like carbon dioxide and water using sunlight in the presence of chlorophyll to form glucose (energy )and oxygen they are also called autotrophs

e.g. Green plants and certain blue -green algae

Consumers
Those organism which consume food prepared by the producers are called consumers . They are mainly animals. They are unable to synthesis their own food hence depend on the food generated by the consumers . (also called heterotrophs )

There are three main types of consumers

Herbivores :Those organisms that only eat plants are called Herbivores e.g. deer, elephant ,donkey, rabbit etc.

Carnivores :- consumers Types of Those organisms that only eat meat of other organisms are called Carnivores e.g. lion ,wolf , cheetah etc.

Decomposers
These are the microorganisms that break down complex organic compound present in dead organisms and their waste products into simpler substances are called decomposers

e.g. bacteria and fungi, earthworm

Importance of the decomposers

They help in the recycling of materials which helps in the smooth working of the ecosystem
The decomposer helps in the ecosystem in many way :-

Second, they help in replenishing of the soil by returning the nutrients that were initial taken up