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Alan M. Watt
Outline of Talk
Why build new hinges. What is a tape-spring rolling hinge. Previous designs. Conceptual design. Stiffness of hinge. Moment - rotation properties. Damping. Wire Effects. Applications of hinges.
Benefits of rolling hinges: Very low friction (rolling contact only). No lubrication required. Constrained deployment.
Very complex. Wide. Locking mechanism required. Complex band tightening mechanism. Heavy 1.1 kG
Simpler than Aerospatiale hinge. Tightening mechanism simpler. Still very wide. Small locking moment, as tape-springs almost co-planar.
L > 2pR
Calculation of Mmax
Considering Local buckling at point 2. Stress in eccentrically loaded strut = shell buckling stress.
Solve for
Comparison to FE Calculation
3 linear stiffnesses: Extensional, in-plane shear (Y), out of plane shear (Z). 3 torsional stiffnesses: Torsional, in-plane bending (about Z), out of plane bending (about Y). Each can be found for tape or rolling hinge on their own as well as the combination.
Analysis is only true as long as wires are kept under sufficient tension to maintain compressive contact.
Stiffness results compare reasonably with practical results 1530 N/mm 1040 N/mm.
For faster analysis equivalent bar model using hertzian contact theory was developed.
Shear Stiffnesses
Out-of-Plane hinge stiffness
Predictions found from finite element analysis and beam bending theory. Good match found for rolling hinge part of hinge but tape-spring results high. Stiffness predominantly arises from tape-spring for out-of-plane direction and rolling hinge for in-plane direction.
Torsional Stiffness
Experimental measurements taken with FSH testing machine with rotating head. Experiments matched predictions reasonably well. Rolling hinge and tape both contribute to stiffness.
Bending Stiffnesses
Predictions found from FE analysis and beam theory. Poor match between predictions and experimental results.
Summary of Results
Practical Results
Direction Tape Rolamite Total Tape
Predictions
Rolamite Total Units
1040 40 160 70
0 735
Damping
Two types of Damping: 1) 2) During deployment, to slow the hinge deployment time. At locking, to lower shock transmitted to structure and prevent re-buckling of tape-springs.
A number of damping schemes were considered. There are few that apply true damping without adding greatly to the complexity of the hinge. Constrained layer damping added to tape-springs. Aluminium layer with damping material underneath. Preliminary tests suggest that constrained layer damping is relatively ineffective and that there is a large amount of natural damping in the hinge at locking.
For a given configuration, a straight section of wire tangentially links two points on either side of the hinge. From this the position of the wire can be found for any hinge configuration.
Tensioning Hinge
A set-up such as this, with the wire transferring from a large radius to a small one provides a moment (due to tensioning of wires) proportional to rotation. Can be applied to current hinge design simply by cutting some of the grooves deeper than others, to increase the moment provided by the hinge.
Moment is still proportional to rotation and work is ongoing to find layout to give near linear moment.
Dynamic Modelling
Model made for Pro/Mechanica simulation of deployments.