Bab 5 Pertumbuhan

Pertumbuhan Manusia

Learning Outcomes:
describe what growth is, identify the characteristics used to measure growth rate, analyse the growth curve for male and female, compare and contrast the growth rate in male and female, describe the effects of nutrition on the growth in children.

 Perubahan dalam sesuatu organisma dari segi jisim badan atau berat badan, saiz, dan bentuk tubuh badan dalam tempoh masa tertentu Selain itu juga, perubahan fizikal, mental dan emosi sejak dilahirkan juga dianggap sebagai pertumbuhan.

Kanak-kanak

 Ciri-ciri biasa yang digunakan untuk mengukur pertumbuhan manusia: BERAT KETINGGIAN KEPANJANGAN TANGAN SAIZ KEPALA MANUSIA

Human growth
Proses perubahan saiz, fizikal dan fungsi organisma

 Kadar pertumbuhan manusia boleh dibahagikan kepada 5 Fasa seperti mana pada gambar rajah di atas. Berikut adalah penerangan berkenaan setiap fasa dalam graf pertumbuhan manusia.

Saiz Saiz akan meningkat dari bayi ke dewasa

Fizikal Perubahan fizikal apabila seseorang membesar

PERUBAHAN SEMASA PERTUMBUHAN MANUSIA

Fungsi sel Setiap sel mempunyai struktur dan fungsi yang spesifik Perkembangan Spiritual Perubahan spiritual berlaku pada peringkat pertumbuhan yang berbeza

 Bayi Petumbuhan berlaku dengan sangat pantas Kanak-kanak Perlahan dan berterusan Remaja Dengan cepat terutama selepas akhil baligh Dewasa Pertumbuan perlahan dan terhenti Tua Pertumbuhan negetif

Lengkuk pertumbuhan Manusia

Perbandingan antara lelaki dan perempuan

Infancy Growth rate for a male = female Childhood Growth rate of male > female Early Adolescent Growth rate of female > male Later Adolescent Growth rate of male > female Female starts & ends adolescence earlier Male starts & ends his adolescence later

Comparison

Nutrient Proteins

Importance Build new cells & tissues Provide energy

Carbohydrate & Fats Calcium, Phosphorus & Vitamin D Iron

Vitamins

Building teeth & bones

Building red blood cell Fight infections

Weight gain boy vs girl

Childhood Adolescence Adulthood

nfancy

 Apart from body weight, height can be used to measure the rate of human growth. State the period of the most rapid human development. 02 years At which growth stage is the rate of increase in body weight (a) in boys and girls almost the same? 06 years (b) faster in boys than in girls? 610 years and 14 years and above (c) faster in girls than in boys? 1014 years

 Why are adult men taller than adult women? The growth period in boys is longer than in girls. Children are very active during adolescence. Suggest one food class that they need to consume in large quantities in their diet. Carbohydrates/Fats

5.2 Discussion activity

1. (Proteins, Carbohydrates) are needed to supply more energy to children. 2. (Fats, Proteins) are needed to build new tissues in the body. 3. The formation of strong bone and teeth needs (calcium, iodine). 4. Consuming too much food will lead to (obesity, anaemia). 5. Deciency of protein in children will cause (rickets, kwashiorkor).

1 Adolescence
Adulthood Childhood

Infancy

Diagram 1

2 (a) The growth rate in females is same as that in

males at infancy stage. (b) The growth rate in females is faster than in males at adolescence stage. (c) The growth rate in males is faster than females at childhood stage. (d) The rate of growth is the fastest at the infancy stage. (e) The rate of growth in adolescents is faster than that in children.

1
Adolescence
Adulthood Childhood

Infancy

1
(b) At which stage does a human being grow the fastest? K/Infancy (c) At which stage does a human being grow the slowest? N/Adulthood (d) At which stage does a female grow faster than a male? M/Adolescence

P: Infancy

Q: Childhood

R: Adolescence

S: Adulthood

(b) What is the best food for humans at stage P? Mothers milk (c) At which stage does a human reach puberty? R/Adolescence (d) Explain why children need carbohydrates in large quantities. Children are very active