Strategies to teach speaking

Academic days/Sharing sessions By: Vicky Ariza Workshop from university of Oregon

What Is "Teaching Speaking"?

Produce the English speech sounds and sound patterns Use word and sentence stress, intonation patterns and the rhythm of the second language. Select appropriate words and sentences according to the proper social setting, audience, situation and subject matter. Organize their thoughts in a meaningful and logical sequence. Use language as a means of expressing values and judgments. Use the language quickly and confidently with few unnatural pauses, which is called as fluency. (Nunan, 2003) (Kayi, 2006)

Stress

Stress means more energy to a syllable. Putting the accent on the correct syllable gives an important element of comprehensibility. One useful way of representing word stress for learners is to mark a circle for each syllable, small for unstressed and large for stressed syllables. o o oOo o o oOo Pronunciation pronunciation

Your turn

Find stress patterns in the following words

Paper

Excellent
Mandatory

Happily Volunteer Develop

Extreme Helpful Water

Photography Independent Television

Dictionary Philosophy Combination

A.

Thats a very big __________________

B.

Ive never seen that _______________

C.

I like your _______________

Stress-timed quality

The amount of time it takes to say a sentence depends on the number of syllables that receive stress in the sentence - not the total number of syllables. Look at the example. Notice how each sentence takes approximately the same time to say:
EAT EAT EAT EAT EATen EATing GRASS. GRASS. the GRASS. the GRASS. the GRASS. the GRASS.

HORSES The HORSES The HORSES The HORSES will The HORSES will have The HORSES might have been (Cohen, 2000)

BORN THIS WAY

"There's nothing wrong with loving who you are She said, "'Cause he made you perfect, babe" "So hold your head up girl and you'll go far, Listen to me when I say
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xl0N7JM3w Zk

What other material can be used to practice stress and intonation?

Content and function words

Content

words carry the basic meaning of the sentence, while function words mostly serve grammatical purposes. Content words usually receive more stress, while function words are unstressed, unless the speaker is giving them special emphasis for some reason. English uses timing and rhythm to bring out the essential parts of the sentence the content words. This is sentence stress.

CONTENT WORDS /FUNCTION WORDS

nouns main verbs adjectives adverbs (and adverbial particles in phrasal verbs) negative constructions (including not and Negative auxiliaries) Question words (not when conjunctions) Possessive and demonstrative pronouns (eg. yours, mine, that, these)

articles auxiliary verbs personal pronouns prepositions Conjunctions (with some exceptions when important to meaning) possessive and demonstrative adjectives (eg. your, my, that hat, these coins)

Your turn

Quotes
The

object of education is to prepare the young to educate themselves throughout their lives. Robert M. Hutchins gifted teacher is as rare as a gifted doctor, and makes far less money. Author unknown