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Where:-
EMF (V)
B Magnetic flux (Wb)
TRANSFORMER USES
Impedance matching Electrical Isolation AC power transmission
device called secondary generator. 1885 William Stanley developed the fist commercially used practical device while working for Westinghouse Electric Company in US.
INDUCTION THEORY
Transformers behaviour is based on Faradays
Law of Induction
Where:-
EMF (V)
N No of turns of wire
INDUCTION THEORY
Reference: http://www.tpub.com/doeelecscience/electrical%20science2_files/image1053.jpg
TRANSFORMER MODELS
Ideal Transformer
ip(t) + Vp(t) Vs(t) Np Ns is(t) +
Np = No of windings on the primary ip = Current into the primary Vp = Voltage across the primary
Ns = No of windings on the secondary is = Current out from the secondary Vs = Voltage across the secondary
Note;
LOSSES
Transformers have losses and these losses must come
into consideration.
Vp(t)
Rc
jXm
Np
Ns
Vs(t)
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
Leqp Is/a Reqp
Vp
Rc
jXm
aVs
TYPES
Auto-Transformer
Used to change a desirable voltage by only a small
ISE NSE VH NC
-
IL
VL
-
TYPES
Three Phase Transformers
Three phase transformers can be constructed in two different ways i.e. :1. A three phase bank consists of three single phase transformers. 2. Three windings wrapped around a common core.
Delta wye ( Y)
Delta delta ( )
Wye wye (Y Y)
TYPES
Two types of special purpose transformers used in power systems for taking measurements.
PIN = VPIP cos P POUT = VSIS cos S PIN = POUT = VPIP cos P = VSIS cos S SOUT = SIN = VPIP = VSIS Ideal = 100%
Efficiency for a single phase real transformer As mentioned previously, losses occur in a real
transformer and these losses must be taken into count. Hence, Real = POUT x 100% PIN = POUT x 100% POUT + PLOSS = VSIS cos S_________ VSIS cos S + i2R + (VP/a)2 RC
Voltage regulation (VR) is the ability of a system to provide near constant voltage over a wide range of load conditions. Also it compares the VO at no load to VO at full load.
VOLTAGE REGULATION