DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BACKCAVITY SPIRAL ANTENNA FOR UWB APPLICATIONS

GUIDED BY A.THENMOZHI Ph.D.,

BY SIVASELVA NANDHINI.R

OBJECTIVE
To design and develop left hand circular polarized wideband spiral antenna from 1GHz to 18GHz with unidirectional radiation pattern

SPIRAL ANTENNA
Very large bandwidth (frequency independent antenna) Circular polarization over entire bandwidth Peak radiation pattern perpendicular to the plane of spiral antenna Half power beam width is approximately 70 to 90 degree

UWB Antennas
Broad frequency range Bandwidth covering more than 500MHZ or 20% of centre frequency. UWB - high data rate Very low energy level for short range communication The standard UWB range is from 3.1 to 10.6GHz.

Back cavity for spiral antenna

Placed at the back of antenna Bidirectional antenna to unidirectional antenna Absorbers in cavity to absorb the side lobes

Antenna location

Applications of spiral antenna

Satellite communication Airborne applications Surveillance Remote sensing(GPR) Direction finding(GPS) Electronic countermeasure Broadband feed for reflector type dish antenna

S.NO TITLE 1

Literature survey
AUTHOR YEAR DESCRIPTION A cavity backed spiral antenna is designed for 2 to 18 GHz frequency with axial ratio 3 dB for 97.5% of its bandwidth Archimedean spiral antenna loaded with two chip resistors and fed by coplanar waveguide transmission line has wide band input impedance bandwidth with circular polarization in the frequency range of 2 to 3.4GHz. compact, uniplanar, circularly polarized, coplanar waveguide (CPW) spiral antenna for wideband applications in the frequency range of 11.4 to 17.5GHz without a balun for matching is designed with unidirectional radiation pattern. A Novel Modified Archimedean Polygonal Spiral Antenna A Coplanar Waveguide Fed Two Arm Archimedean Spiral Slot Antenna with Improved Bandwidth Nahid Rahman, Member, IEEE, 2011 and Mohammed N. Afsar, Fellow, IEEE O.Ahmad Mashaal, S. K. A. 2011 Rahim, MIEEE, A. Y. Abdulrahman, MIEEE, M. I. Sabran, M. S. A . Rani and P.S.Hall, FIEEE Nasser Ghassemi, Student Member, IEEE, KeWu, Fellow, IEEE, Stphane Claude, Xiupu Zhang, Senior Member, IEEE, and Jens Bornemann, Fellow, IEEE 2011

Compact Coplanar Waveguide Spiral Antenna With Circular Polarization for Wideband Applications

Design and Analysis of a 3-Arm Spiral Antenna

Dominikus J. Mller, Student Member, IEEE, and Kamal Sarabandi, Fellow, IEEE

FEBRUARY 2007

A novel 3-arm spiral antenna topology is fed from outside edge by a coplanar waveguide transmission line to achieve a completely planar antenna that does not require feed assembly, external matching network, and balun. Antenna gain above 5 dBi and axial ratio values below 3 dB over the frequency band of 2.23.5 GHz are obtained
Compact bidirectional ultrawideband modified equiangular spiral antenna with an integrated feed internally matched to a 50-Ohm microstrip transmission line is designed with 2:1 VSWR in the frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6GHz. Return loss better than 10 dB from 3.75 to 18.6 GHz, the axial ratio is below 3 dB from 3 to 14.5 GHz, the radiation is bidirectional with opposite polarization, and the antenna peak gain is 3.5 to 7 dBic A spiral antenna located in free space, which has a small disc and is excited in phase (designated as the SD), radiates a bidirectionally circularly-polarized conicalbeam over a 98% frequency band with a lowprofile structure in the frequency band of 3.3 t0 9.6 GHz.

A Compact Parallel-Plane PerpendicularCurrent Feed for a Modified Equiangular Spiral Antenna Ultrawideband Circularly Polarized Spiral Antenna Using Integrated Balun With Application to Time-Domain Target Detection A Wideband Circularly Polarized Conical Beam From a Two-Arm Spiral Antenna Excited in Phase

Travis Wayne Eubanks, Student JULY 2010 Member, IEEE, and Kai Chang, Fellow, IEEE

Shau-Gang Mao, Senior Member, IEEE, Jen-Chun Yeh, Student Member, IEEE, and Shiou-Li Chen, Associate Member, IEEE

JULY 2009

Hisamatsu Nakano, Life Fellow, OCTOBER 2011 IEEE, Hiroshi Oyanagi, and Junji Yamauchi, Senior Member, IEEE

Wideband Reconfigurable Rolled Planar Monopole Antenna

Giuseppe Ruvio, Member, IEEE, JUNE 2007 Max J. Ammann, Member, IEEE, and Zhi Ning Chen, Senior Member, IEEE

A novel technique to reconfigure the frequency range of a planar monopole antenna in the frequency range of 2.9 to 15GHz is designed with high efficiency, omnidirectional over entire band.

Extremely Low-Profile, Single-Arm,Wideband Spiral Antenna Radiating a Circularly Polarized Wave

Hisamatsu Nakano, Fellow, IEEE, MAY 2010 Ryohei Satake, Member, IEEE, and Junji Yamauchi, Senior Member, IEEE

The Single Arm Spiral antenna has a good VSWR (less than 2) and a good axial ratio (less than 3 dB) over a design frequency range of 3 GHz to 10 GHz, where a cavity/antenna height of 7 mm.

10

Design and Performance of an UltrawideBand Ceramic-Loaded Slot Spiral

Brad A. Kramer, Ming Lee, ChiChih Chen, Member, IEEE, and John L. Volakis, Fellow, IEEE

JULY 2005

The miniaturization of a broadband square slot spiral antenna using high-contrast dielectric materials.

11

Distributed Lumped Loads and Lossy Transmission Line Model for Wideband Spiral Antenna Miniaturization and Characterization

Ming Lee, Member, IEEE, Bradley A. Kramer, Student Member, IEEE, Chi-Chih Chen, Member, IEEE, and John L. Volakis, Fellow, IEEE

OCTOBER 2007

A novel lossy transmission line model is used to predict the input impedance of a spiral antenna. A continuous setof concentric loop antennas was used to characterize the radiation behavior of the spiral in the frequency range of 0.8 to 2.5GHz.

12

Unbalanced-Mode Spiral Antenna Backed by Hisamatsu Nakano, Fellow, IEEE, JUNE 2009 an Tatsuya Igarashi, Hiroshi Extremely Shallow Cavity Oyanagi, Yasushi Iitsuka, Member, IEEE, and Junji Yamauchi, Senior Member, IEEE

Two-arm Archimedean spiral antenna backed by a conducting cavity, where only one arm is directly excited, with the other arm being parasitically excited. The design of the unbalanced-mode spiral is performed over a frequency range of 3 To 9GHz (1:3 bandwidth), where the antenna height is selected to be extremely small . The antenna is miniaturized using a combination of dielectric and inductive loading.

13

Size Reduction of a Low-Prole Spiral Antenna Using Inductive and Dielectric Loading

B. A. Kramer, Student Member, 2008 IEEE, C.-C. Chen, Member, IEEE, and J. L. Volakis, Fellow, IEEE

14

Ultrawide Bandwidth Umbrella-Shaped Microstrip Monopole Antenna Using Spiral Articial Magnetic Conductor (SAMC)

Dalia Nashaat Elsheakh, Hala A. 2009 Elsadek, Esmatt A. Abdallah, Magdy F. Iskander, Fellow, IEEE, and Hadia Elhenawy, Member, IEEE

A novel antenna design that includes a semicircular planar monopole microstrip antenna integrated with a spiral AMC ground plane is described.

Issues in spiral antenna

To design an antenna from 1GHz Designing back cavity for wide band Designing tapered balun for wide frequency band Maintaining VSWR for entire band width Low gain Susceptible to high RF power handling Size miniaturization

Project solution approach

Calculation of design parameters Literature survey Calculation of dimensions for balun

Design of spiral antenna

Optimization Simulation of spiral antenna Integration of balun with spiral antenna

Design of balun

Simulation of designed balun

Simulation of integrated structure

Back cavity and absorbers in integrated spiral antenna

Simulation of integrated final structure

Optimization

Validation of final system

Proposed work
To reduce the size - Archimedean spiral is used Circular spiral is followed by square spiral transition for low frequency signal Tapered slot balun is designed for the required frequency bandwidth Back cavity is introduced to make antenna unidirectional in radiation with foam absorbers

Proposed topology
Side view
Spiral antenna Tapered balun Absorbers Back cavity Co-axial connector

Top view

Advantage of Archimedean spiral Improved axial ratio Wider operating bandwidth with a give antenna diameter

Specification (Expected outcomes)

Frequency Return Loss Polarization Gain : 1GHz to 18GHz : Better than 7.36 dB : LHCP : -16dBi at 1GHz -6dBi at 2GHz -0dBi at 4-18GHz : 80 degree : 5 degree max across 1-18GHz : -20dB max : 2W

3dB beam width Beam squint Back lobe level Power handling

Work done
Spiral antenna

Literature survey Selection of antenna topology Predesign Design of spiral antenna in progress

Action plan
WORK Literature survey Selection of antenna topology Design of spiral antenna Optimization of spiral antenna Design of tapered balun Optimization of tapered balun Design of spiral antenna with absorbers Optimization of spiral antenna with absorbers DATE 02.01.13 to 20.01.13 21.01.13 to 29.01.13 30.01.13 to 14.02.13 15.02.13 to 10.03.13 11.03.13 to 19.03.13 20.04.13 to 28.03.13 29.03.13 to 10.04.13 11.04.13 to 21.04.13

Integration of the system Submission of the project

22.04.13 to 30.04.13 05.05.13

Reference
Nahid Rahman, Member, IEEE, and Mohammed N. Afsar, Fellow, IEEEA proposed Novel Modified Archimedean Polygonal Spiral Antenna in 2011 Nasser Ghassemi, Student Member, IEEE, KeWu, Fellow, IEEE, Stphane Claude, Xiupu Zhang, Senior Member, IEEE, and Jens Bornemann, Fellow, IEEE proposed Compact Coplanar Waveguide Spiral Antenna With Circular Polarization for Wideband Applications in 2011 Dominikus J. Mller, Student Member, IEEE, and Kamal Sarabandi, Fellow, IEEE proposed Design and Analysis of a 3-Arm Spiral Antenna in 2007 Travis Wayne Eubanks, Student Member, IEEE, and Kai Chang, Fellow, IEEE proposed A Compact Parallel-Plane Perpendicular-Current Feed for a Modified Equiangular Spiral Antenna in 2010 Hisamatsu Nakano, Fellow, IEEE, Ryohei Satake, Member, IEEE, and Junji Yamauchi, Senior Member, IEEE proposed Extremely Low-Profile, Single-Arm,Wideband Spiral Antenna Radiating a Circularly Polarized Wave in 2010 Shau-Gang Mao, Senior Member, IEEE, Jen-Chun Yeh, Student Member, IEEE, and Shiou-Li Chen, Associate Member, IEEE Ultrawideband Circularly Polarized Spiral Antenna Using Integrated Balun With Application toTime-Domain Target Detection in 2009

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