Matter

7th Grade Science

Physical property- characteristic you can observe without changing or trying to change its composition Consists of: Looks, smells, taste sound

Color, shape, texture, odor Volume-amount of space something occupies Density- mass / volume, amount of mass in a given volume Mass-how much matter something contains Melting point, boiling point, ability to attract magnet

Change in state of matter goes from solid to liquid to gas Solubility-ability to be dissolved

Chemical properties

Cannot be observed without altering the substance. Changes the composition Undergoes a change that alters the identity of the substance

Physical Change

Form or appearance changes but not its makeup Cut Bend Dissolving Tear Grind Can get back in its form Changing from one state of matter to another

Chemical Change

Change in the composition of a substance Cannot get it back Rust on a bike Engine burning smoke Baking a cake (energy is absorbed) Leaves changing color Scramble eggs Apple turning brown

Toasted marshmallows Toast in a toaster Fireworks (releasing energy) Bubbles produced Precipitate formed (left over on sides or bottom) Burning of a log Food spoils (gases are released) Causes a smell

Vinegar and baking soda (blowing up balloon) Leaving precipitate Fruit in a plastic bottle (releasing gases)

Endothermic-absorbs energy EX: melting ice cubes Evaporating liquid water Cooking an egg Baking bread Producing sugar by photosynthesis

Exothermic- releases heat/energy. Gives off heat Nuclear fission Mixing water with strong acid Burning sugar Rusting iron Candle flame

Law of conservation of Mass

Matter isnt created or destroyed, but the particles are re-arranged The total mass before equals the total mass after

Law of conservation of mass

Burning paper-paper is changing to ash, carbon dioxide and water vapor

Atom-basic building block Substance-matter with fixed make up and properties Mixture-combination of substances that are not chemically bonded together. Can be separated by physical means.

Mixture

Salt water-boil the water and the salt is left behind Mixture of iron fillings and sandseparate with a magnet Soil Ocean water Air

Hetero-different Heterogeneous mixture-substances are not mixed evenly The particles are easy to tell apart EX;

Fruit salad Pizza Cereal in a bowl of milk

Homo-same Homogeneous mixture-at least 2 substances are mixed evenly Hard to tell the particles apart EX;

Milk Shampoo Lotion Liquid make up

Solute-substance that disappears or gets dissolved EX: kool aid Solvent- dissolves (this is the substance in the greatest amount) Water is the universal solvent

Precipitate-products left over after a chemical reaction occurs Soap scum Vinegar with baking soda

Acids-release positively charged hydrogen ions H+ in water Sour Conduct electricity Corrosive break down things Vinegar-acetic acid Lemons Limes Orange juice

Sulfuric acid-fertilizers, steel, paints Nitric acid-dyes, plastics, fertilizers Carbonic acid- helps form caves Formed when the co2 in the soil dissolves in water. Comes into contact with calcium carbonate or limestone rock, it dissolves and forms caves

Bases-accept hydrogen ions Hydroxide ion (OH-) Slippery feeling Can also be corrosive Bitter tasting Soaps Ammonia Cleaning products-interact with dirt/grime and grease

Chalk Oven cleaner Blood Lime Lye-soap

pH used to tell is a substance is an acid or base Scale of pH is 0-14 0-6 is acid 7 is neutral 8-14 is base

Acid examplesmilk, vinegar, soft drinks, stomach contents, tomatoes Base examples--- blood, egg whites, baking soda, ammonia, milk of magnesia