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Verbs

(Verbos)

In the English Language, many words can perform more than one function. For instance, in the following sentences, the underlined words can be referred to as nouns because they perform the function of naming Faa clique para editar o estilo things. - I have lost my comb. - Water is one of the necessities of life. However, in the following sentences, the same words can be referred to as verbs because they perform the function of expressing actions. - I2/20/13 my hair every morning. comb 11 - Do you water your plants once a week?

Verb forms English verbs may have different forms, depending on the subject of the verb, and depending on when the action expressed by the verb takes place. The different verb forms which indicate when the action expressed by a verb takes place are usually referred to as tenses. Faa clique para editar o estilo - We always walk to work. - We walked to work yesterday. In the first sentence, the verb walk is in the Simple Present tense. In the second sentence, the verb walked is in the Simple Past tense. Present tenses are usually used to express actions which are taking place in the present; whereas past 2/20/13 22 tenses are usually used to express actions which took

Lets start with the most basic Auxiliary Verbs (Verbos auxiliares) An auxiliary verb is a verb that gives further semantic or syntactic information about a main or full verb. InFaa clique para editar o estilo there are three the english language, common auxiliary verbs. They are: to be (ser ou estar); to do (fazer); to have (ter ou haver)
(NOTE: These verbs may also be used on their own: 2/20/13 33 be, do, have)

Auxiliary Verbs Simple Present (O verbo "to be" em ingls equivalente aos verbos Tense "ser" e "estar" em portugus.) (Presente do Indicativo)

A sua conjugao no simple present (presente do indicativo) a seguinte:


Faa Eu sou/estou clique para editar o estilo am I Tu s/ests Ele/ela/aquilo /est Ns somos/estamos Vs sois/estais Eles/elas so/esto Formas 2/20/13 Negativas: You are

He/she/it is We are You are They are ISNT,


44

AM NOT,

Sintetizando

Simple Present Tense (Presente do Indicativo) AM, IS, ARE so as formas do verbo TO BE no Simple Present tense

SINGULAR 1 pessoa I - AM 2 pessoa You - ARE Faa clique para editar o estilo 3 pessoa He - IS 3 pessoa She - IS 3 pessoa It - IS PLURAL 1 pessoa We - ARE 2 pessoa You - ARE 3 pessoa They - ARE
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Verbo To be Simple Present (Presente) Forma sem Forma contrada Traduo contrao Afirmativa Eu sou/estou Im I am Tu s/ests Youre You are Etc. Hes/Shes/Its He/She/It is Faa clique para editar o estilo We/You/They are Were/Youre/They re Negativa I am not You are not He/She/It is not We/You/They are not 2/20/13
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Auxiliary Verbs Simple Present Tense (Presente do Indicativo)

Lets para editar o estilo Faa clique do some short

exercises

using the simple present tense of the verb to be?


Exerccio individual: 4A

2/20/13

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Auxiliary Verbs Simple Past Tense (Pretrito A conjugao do verbo to be no simple Perfeito) past (tempo passado - pretrito perfeito) a

seguinte:

Eu era/estava (fui/estive) Faa clique para editar o estilo Tu foste/estiveste Ele/ela/aquilo era/estava (foi/esteve) Ns eramos/estavamos (fomos/estivemos) Vs reis/estveis (fostes/estivestes) Formas Negativas: Eles/elas eram/estavamWASNT, 2/20/13

I was You were He/she/it was We were You were WERENT They were 88

Sintetizando

Simple Past Tense (Pretrito Perfeito WAS, WERE, ARE so as formas do verbo TO BE no Simple PastTempo Passado) tense

SINGULAR 1 pessoa I - WAS 2 pessoa You - WERE Faa clique para editar o estilo 3 pessoa He - WAS 3 pessoa She - WAS 3 pessoa It - WAS PLURAL 1 pessoa We - WERE 2 pessoa You - WERE 3 pessoa They - WERE
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Verbo To be Simple Past (Passado) Forma sem contrao Forma contrada Traduo

Afirmativa Eu era (No h contrao) I was Tu You were eras/estavas He/She/It was Etc. We/You/They are Faa clique para editar o estilo Negativa I wasnt Eu no I was not You werent era/estava You were not He/she/it wasnt Tu no He/She/It was not We/You/They eras/estavas We/You/They were werent Etc. not Interrogativa Eu 1010 Was I? 2/20/13

Simple Past Tense (Pretrito Perfeito Tempo Passado)

Lets para editar o estilo Faa clique do some short

exercises

using the simple past tense of the verb to be?


Exerccio individual: 4B

2/20/13

1111

Review exercises: simple present/past tenses of the verb to be?


1 2 3 When I _____ born, I weighed only 2.8 kg. Dad ____ very tired when he came home last night.

Am, is, are, was, were

It ___ nice and warm today, but it ____ cold yesterday. 4Faa clique para editar o estilo night. Adam ___ with his friends last 5 I ____ very tired yesterday, but I ____ all right now. 6 7 8 9 They ____ surprised when they saw me. Dont make any decision if you ____ not very sure. I didnt buy the shoes because they ____ expensive. My grandfather passed away when he ____ 85.
1212

10 Where ____ you just now? 2/20/13

NOTA:
No ingls para pr os verbos no infinitivo necessrio colocar o TO antes do verbo. Se deixarmos apenas o verbo BE, por exemplo, este ficar no imperativo = s!, seja!, sejamos!, sede!, sejam!, esteja!, estejam!...

Faa clique para editar o estilo Outros exemplos:


To sing = cantar; To love = amar; To drive = conduzir (E todos os outros verbos). Nestes casos, o TO, no tem traduo apenas serve para colocar o verbo no infinitivo. (Ateno: No confundir este to com a preposio 2/20/13 1313

Other forms/tenses of the verb to be


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Verbo To be Simple Future (Futuro do presente) Forma sem Forma contrada Traduo contrao Afirmativa Ill/Youll be Eu serei/estarei I/You will be He/She/Itll be Tu sers/estars He/She/It will be Faa clique para editar o estilo Etc. We/You/They Well/Youll/Theyll be will be Negativa Ill/Youll not be I/You will not be (I/you wont be) He/She/It will Hell/Shell/Itll not be not be We/You/They (He/she/it wont be) Well/Youll/Theyll will not be 2/20/13

Eu no serei/estarei Tu no sers/estars Etc. 1515

Some
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simple future

1616

Verbo To be Conditional (Futuro do pretrito) Forma sem contrao Forma contrada Traduo

Afirmativa Id/youd be Eu I /you would be Hed/Shed/Itd be seria/estaria Faa clique para editar o estilo He/She/It would be Tu We/You/They would Wed/Youd/Theyd be serias/estarias be Etc. Negativa I /You would not be He/She/It would not be 2/20/13 We/You/They would

I/you wouldnt be Eu no He/she/it wouldnt seria/estaria be Tu no 1717 We/you/they serias/estarias

Some
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conditio nal

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Verbo To be Verbals (Formas nominais)

(Exmpls.) Gerndio being Sendo/esta ndo We are being followed.

Faa clique para editar o estilo Particpio been It would Sido/estad have been o too late! be S!/sede! Just yoursel! Sejam!/est !/estejam ! 1919

Imperativo
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Be!

Resuming The verb To be

Presente Passado Futuro I am I was I will (shall) You are You were be He is He was You will be She is She was He will Faa clique para editar o estilo be It is It was She will be We are We were It will be You are You were We will be They are They were You will be They will be

Condicional I would (should) be You would be He would be She would be It would be We would (should) be You would be They would be Infinitivo
2020

Imperativo Gerndio Partcipio 2/20/13 Passado

Lets para editar o estilo Faa clique do some short

exercises

using The interrogative and negative forms of the verb to be?


Exerccio individual: 4C

2/20/13

2121

Simple Present (O verbo "to do" em ingls equivalente aoTense verbo (Presente do fazer em portugus.) Indicativo)

A sua conjugao no simple present (presente do indicativo) a seguinte:


Faa I do para editar o estilo clique Fao You do He/She/It does We do You do They do
Formas Negativas: I/You dont 2/20/13 We/You/They dont -

Fazes Faz Fazemos Fazeis Fazem


He/She/It doesnt 2222 -

Simple Past Tense A sua conjugao no simple past (presente do (Pretrito Perfeito) indicativo) a seguinte: I did You did He/She/It did Fiz Fizeste Fez

Fizemos FaaWe did clique para editar o estilo You did Fizestes They did
Formas Negativas:

Fizeram
I/You/He/She/It/ We/You/They didnt

NOTA: The Present Perfect Tense of the verb to do = DONE (Fiz/Fizeste/Feito/Fizeram) Para form-lo, use o verbo auxiliar have/has/has + o particpio passado do verbo do, que : done. 2/20/13 2323 I/you/we/you/they have done - He/she/it has done

Lets para editar o estilo Faa clique do some short

exercises

using the simple present and past forms of the verb to do?
Exerccio individual: 4D

2/20/13

2424

Simple Present (O verbo "to have" em ingls equivalente Tense ao verbo (Presente do ter em portugus.) Indicativo)

A sua conjugao no simple present (presente do indicativo) a seguinte:


Forma contrada

FaaIclique para editar have You have He/She/It has We have You have

oIve estilo Tenho Youve Tens Hes/Shes/Its Tem Weve Youve Temos Tendes

They have Theyve Tm 2/20/13 Formas Negativas: I/You havent - He/She/It hasnt 2525 -

Simple Past Tense (Pretrito A sua conjugao no simple past (pretrito Perfeito) perfeito) a seguinte:

I para Tive Faa clique had editar o estilo You had Tiveste Teve Tivemo s You had Tiveste s Formas Negativas: I/You/He/She/It/ We/You/They hadnt 2/20/13 2626 They had Tivera He/She/It had We had

Lets para editar o estilo Faa clique do some short

exercises

using the simple present and past forms of the verb to have?
Exerccio individual: 4E

2/20/13

2727

General exercise using auxiliary verbs


Exercise 1: Ask an appropriate question for the given response and identifying the auxiliary verb used in each case.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

A steak, please. Oh, I stayed at home and watched tv. She is reading a book at the moment. We are going to visit France. I usually get up at 7 o'clock. No, he is single. For about 2 years. I was washing up when he arrived.
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2/20/13

At agora vimos alguns tempos verbais, essencialmente, dos verbos auxiliares. Agora vamos ver os TEMPOS VERBAIS (Tenses) dos verbos em geral + algumas regras de sua formao.
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TEMPOS VERBAIS: SIMPLE PRESENT (Presente do Indicativo)

O Simple Present (Presente do Indicativo) usado para descrever hbitos, acontecimentos repetidos, costumes e factos de veracidade. I You He/She/I t We You They Want Quero Want Queres Wants * Quer Want Want Want Queremos Quereis Querem

2/20/13 3030 base do verbo na 3 pessoa do singular.

* Na maioria dos verbos acrescenta-se s

TEMPOS VERBAIS: SIMPLE PRESENT (Presente do Indicativo)

Outro caso

I You He/She/I t We You They

Go Vou Go Vais Goes ** Vai Go Go go Vamos Ides Vo

** Quando a base termina em o, ss, sh, 2/20/13 ch, x, z, acrescenta-se es na 33131

TEMPOS VERBAIS: SIMPLE PRESENT (Presente do Indicativo)

Outro caso

I You He/She/I t We You They

Cry Chora Cry Choras Cries *** Chora Cry Cry Cry Choramos Chorais Choram

*** No caso de um verbo terinado em y antecedido de uma vogal, acrescenta-se s 2/20/13 3232 3 pessoa do singular. No caso de um verbo

O Present Continuous (Presente Progressivo) descreve aes ou eventos que esto a decorrer no momento em que se fala. Tambm usado para descrever situaes e aes temporrias. Im Youre Hes Shes Its Were Youre Theyre

TEMPOS VERBAIS: PRESENT CONTINUOUS (Presente Progressivo)

playing/waiting

* O presente progressivo formado com o presente do verbo To be + a forma ing 3333 do 2/20/13 verbo. Acresenta-se o sufixo ing na maioria

Outro caso

TEMPOS VERBAIS: PRESENT CONTINUOUS (Presente Progressivo)

Im Youre Hes Shes Its Were Youre Theyre

**

writing / dancing

** Se um verbo terminar em e, omitimos o e e acrescentamos ing. 2/20/13 3434 Esta regra no se aplica aos verbos terminados

Outro caso

TEMPOS VERBAIS: PRESENT CONTINUOUS (Presente Progressivo)

Im Youre Hes Shes Its Were Youre Theyre

*** swimming / beginning

*** Um verbo com uma vogal entre duas consoantes, dobra a ltima consoante 2/20/13 3535 antes de acrescentar ing.

Outro caso

TEMPOS VERBAIS: PRESENT CONTINUOUS (Presente Progressivo)

Im Youre Hes Shes Its Were Youre Theyre

****

lying / dying

**** Num verbo com uma terminao ie, omitimos o ie e acrescenta-se y 2/20/13 3636 antes de ing.

TEMPOS VERBAIS: SIMPLE PAST (Pretrito Perfeito)

Tense

Utiliza-se o Pretrito Perfeito para falar de aes, situaes ou eventos que ocorreram e terminaram no passado. Preocupamo-nos em saber quando a ao ocorreu e no a sua durao. To play I Played To arrive To work To wait You He She Arrived Worked Waited A forma igual para todas as pessoas

To It Danced dance To stop We Stopped A terminao dos verbos regulares sempre ed.
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TEMPOS VERBAIS: PAST CONTINUOUS (Passado Progressivo)

O Passado Progressivo usado para descrever aes ou situaes que estavam a decorrer num tempo indefinido no passado (s vezes no se sabe se a ao foi terminada ou no). Playing I Was You He She It We You They Were Was Was Was Were Were Were Speaking Writing Arriving Swimming Chatting Lying Tying

O passado progressivo formado com o passado do verbo to be + a forma (sufixo) ing do verbo. 2/20/13 3838

O Presente Perfeito usado de duas maneiras em Ingls: 1. Descreve uma ao que iniciou no passado e tem continuao at ao momento presente (e (Forma possivelmente no futuro); contrada) 2. Refere-se a aes que ocorreram (ou no) num I Ive Waited tempo no especfico no passado com alguma You Youve Arrived ligao ao presente.
He It We You They Hes Its Weve Youve Theyve Worked Written Swum Begun Spoken She Shes Stopped

TEMPOS VERBAIS: PRESENT PERFECT (Presente Perfeito)

O Presente Perfeito formado com o presente do verbo to have + o particpio passado do verbo (vr ltima coluna). Para os verbos regulares, a sua forma no particpio passado igual sua forma no passado. 2/20/13 3939 Para os verbos irregulares, o passado e o particpio passado podem ser formados de vrias maneiras. Ex: drink drank drunk; go went gone; see saw

TEMPOS VERBAIS:

SIMPLE FUTURE
Simples)

(Futuro

O Futuro Simples usado para prever eventos, ou seja, diz respeito ao que a pessoa pensa vir a (Forma acontecer.
contrada) Ill Youll Hell Shell Itll Well Youll Theyll I You He She It We You They Will Will Will Will Will Will Will Will Work Stay Go Arrive Ask Send Play

2/20/13

O Futuro Simples formado, basicamente, com will + o verbo. A negativa de will will not = wont (forma contrada). (Will utilizado para todas as pessoas.)

4040

Lets para editar o estilo Faa clique do some short

exercises

using the simple present and past forms of the verb to have?
Exerccio individual: 4F

2/20/13

4141

Verbos irregulares
No Ingls, os verbos irregulares so aqueles que no seguem a regra geral de formao do Passado e do Particpio Passado. A formao do Past e do Past Participle, de acordo com a regra geral, que se aplica a todos os demais verbos (regulares), efectua-se atravs do acrescento do sufixo ed. Consequentemente, todo verbo que no seguir este padro, ser classificado de irregular.

(Ver folha)
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Verb tenses and usage exercise


Write a short autobiography referring and

describing:

some past and present events/happenings in

your life;

things you enjoyed and presently enjoy doing

and others you would like to do or achieve in the future.


2/20/13 Use

as many verbs and verb tenses as

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THE

SUN SHINE
NEWS AND GOSSIP WORLD EXCLUSIVES

Grads enter uncertain job Faa clique para editar o estilo College graduation brings market both the satisfaction of
academic achievement and the expectation of a well-paying job. But for six thousand graduates at San Jose State this year, there's uncertainty as they enter one of the worst job markets in decades. Ryan Stewart has a freshly minted degree 4444 in

2/20/13

THE

SUN SHINE
NEWS AND GOSSIP

Grads enter uncertain job Faa clique para editar "You look everybody's parents market atlaid off and o estilo and neighbors, and they're getting don't have jobs," said Stewart.
"Then you look at the young people just coming into the workforce... it's just scary." When the class of 2003 entered college the future never looked brighter. But in the four years they've been here, the world outside has changed dramatically. "Those were the exciting times, lots of dot-com opportunities, exploding offers, students getting top dollar with lots of benefits," said Cheryl Allmen-Vinnidge, of the 2/20/13 4545 San Jose State Career Center. "Times have changed. It's a

WORLD EXCLUSIVES

THE

SUN SHINE
NEWS AND GOSSIP

Grads enter uncertain job Faa clique ought to know. She o estilo Cheryl Allmen San Jose State market (itpara editarcrossroads runs the college and the Career Center is) sort of a between
real world. Allmen says students who do find jobs after college have done their homework. "The typical graduate who does have a job offer started working on it two years ago. They've postured themselves well during the summer. They've had several internships," she said. And they've majored in one of the few fields that are still hot -- like chemical engineering, accounting, or nursing -- where average starting salaries have actually increased over last year. Other popular fields (like information systems management, 2/20/13 4646 computer science, and political science) have seen big declines

WORLD EXCLUSIVES

THE

SUN SHINE
NEWS AND GOSSIP

Grads enter uncertain job Faa clique (he had hoped to Ryan Stewart market para editar o estilobecome a teacher) may just end up going back to school.
"I'd like to teach college some day and that requires more schooling, which would be great in a bad economy," he said. To some students a degree may not be ticket to instant wealth. For now, they can only hope its value will increase over time.
2/20/13 4747

WORLD EXCLUSIVES

THE

SUN SHINE
NEWS AND GOSSIP

Grads enter uncertain job Faa clique market para editar o estilo Follow-up Notes
San Jose State University is in San Jose, California

WORLD EXCLUSIVES

A dot com is a company whose operations are mostly Internetbased. The term comes from the Internet address of such companies. For example, www.microsoft.com is read as w-w-w dot microsoft dot com. In the 1990s thousands of new dot coms started up, opening up work opportunities for many thousands of college graduates. Many of these companies eventually failed. 2/20/13 4848

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WORLD EXCLUSIVES

Links between Child Vaccines and Autism?

Russell Rollins was a perfect, healthy, happy baby until he was 15 months old. Then he got his measles, mumps and rubella shots. He's never been the same since. That was ten years ago. Russell had a very intense reaction to the vaccines. He screamed and cried in a high-pitched voice for days. After that, he seemed to have no energy or interest in anything. He became autistic. Autism affects the way the nerves in the brain develop. Autism makes it harder for children to learn and understand new things. Autistic children have a very hard time dealing with changes in their lives. They often repeat the same sounds over and over, and are not very interested in talking to other people. Many 2/20/13 autistic children even try to avoid looking at other people. 5050

Faa clique para editar o estilo

WORLD EXCLUSIVES

Links between Child Vaccines and Autism?

Being the parent of an autistic child is so very painful and difficult that Russell's father said"...it's a living hell." And he knows his son suffers much more than he does. School is very hard for autistic kids. They need a lot of extra help and support. The director at one school for autistic children said that the number of autistic students is rising. Ten years ago, about one in 10,000 children became autistic. Now as many as one in every 250 children become autistic. Many parents want to know what is causing this problem. But no one has the answers yet. Rick Rollins thinks the mumps, measles and rubella vaccine is connected. He said, "Thirty-three percent of new families with 2/20/13 5151 children with autism believe the vaccine played a role in the

Faa clique para editar o estilo

WORLD EXCLUSIVES

Links between Child Vaccines and Autism?

But a recent study in Denmark found no links between vaccinations and autism. Robert Byrd (sounds like "bird") is a children's doctor in the United States who studies the causes of diseases. He doesn't believe the measles vaccine is a problem. But he Faapeople have good reason to be concerned about what is in says clique para editar o estilo some vaccinations. Last year, vaccine companies quit adding mercury to their products. Byrd thinks the change is good. Mercury was used to keep vaccines fresh longer. He said it is a bad idea to include something that could be harmful in a vaccine that is supposed to protect people. Russell Rollin's father knows vaccines are only one possible cause of autism. But no matter what the cause, Rick Rollins worries about his son's future. His son may never be able to take care of 2/20/13 5252 himself, even when he is an adult.

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