CAB 1052

IMPORTANCE OF ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

LECTURE 01

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Why learn EG?

Engineering graphics provide means to

expression of thoughts and concepts

involving geometrical shapes and design

between the designers (engineers) and

fabricators (vendors).

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What are EG?

Engineering graphics are important for:

Visual communication between

Draftsmen and engineers / other professionals Designers / architects and manufacturers / contractors End-users and sales/support services

Transmission of coding technique

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Relevancy of EG
Every engineer should be able to: Describe ideas and present them to other professionals through engineering graphics Read and understand graphics prepared by others

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Three Methods of Communication

THREE (3) methods of communicating the graphics language:

Free hand sketches Manual drafting with hand-held instruments Computer-aided drafting/design (CAD)

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Manual Drafting Tools

For manual drafting and/or freehand sketches, the following may be required: Board / table

Media (paper: plain, graph) Utensils

Pencils / pens Eraser T-squares and triangles (set squares) Compass and dividers Protractor French curve
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CAD Software
Among the popular CAD software used in technical drawings/draftings are:

AutoCAD (2D, 3D, solid modeling) Mechanical Desktop (3D, solid modeling)

Inventor (advanced solid modeling)

MS Visio (2D with built-in blocks/libraries)

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EG Outputs
The outputs are in the forms of:

Documentation (step-by-step procedure)

Technical drawings

the shape, size, location and other features

of the object(s)

Surface finish, color, assembly or fabrication methods Standards and conventions (layout / template)
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Two component of graphics

Showing the shape of an object and other information requires TWO (2) fundamental components of graphics:

Lines

represents edges, contour and/or surfaces of objects represents symbols, sizes and notes

Lettering

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Scale
Scales are graduated measuring
instruments

Drawing scales refer to ratio between size

of drawing to actual size of object

scale ratio 1:50 means actual object is 50 times larger than drawing object
scale ratio 2:1 means actual object is half the size of the drawing object

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Scale (Reaction Vessel Example)

Scale 1:100

Model

Actual
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Units
TWO (2) major unit conventions commonly used in drawing are:

Engineering Millimeters (mm) Inches (in.) Architectural

Feet ( ' ) and inches ( " )

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Units
Some examples to differentiate the units:

Millimeters
Inches Architectural
Note:

2 2 2"

2.1 2.10 2 1/2"

0.021 .021 2'-2 1/2"

A zero is required to the left (but not to the right) of decimal point for mm. For inches, vice versa.
Symbols are not required for mm and in.
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Dimensions
Dimensions are used to indicate the length, radius (diameter) and angle of an object. Some common terminologies as used in standard drawing conventions and practices are:
Linear dimensions horizontal and vertical lines Angular dimension angles Diameter places a diameter dimension on circles Radius places a radius dimension on circles and arcs Ordinate also called datum dimensions that measure a perpendicular distance from an origin. The origin can be specified by the user Aligned dimensions which lines neither horizontal or vertical
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Dimensions

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