Water Supply In Rural Area

Urban Infrastructure Planning and Management (CE-634) Prepared by: ANKITKUMAR MEHTA M. Tech Urban Planning 2nd Sem Faculty Advisor: Dr. K. A. Chauhan

Contents:
INTRODUCTION
NORMS FOR PROVIDING POTABLE DRINKING WATER IN RURAL AREAS THE COMMON SCENE FOR WATER WATER SUPPLY : TRADITIONAL AND MODERN

CHALLENGES IN RURAL DRINKING WATER SECTOR

WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES
NATIONAL RURAL DRINKING WATER PROGRAMME RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL DRINKING WATER MISSION

INVESTMENT IN RURAL DRINKING WATER SUPPLY

Introduction:
Water supply system in Rural area should be developed in a proper way to meet the demand and at the same time, quality of water should also be maintained with in standard prescribed limits.

The primary objective of water supply system is to take water from the best available source and to subject it to processing which will ensure water of good quality, free from unpleasant taste or odour and containing nothing which might be determined to health, and to distribute it top meet the requirement of the Rural Area.

NORMS FOR PROVIDING POTABLE DRINKING WATER:

While implementing the Rural Water Supply Schemes, the following norms are adopted for providing potable drinking water to the population:

NORMS.
With normal output of 12 litres per minute, one handpump or standpost is estimated for every 250 persons. In case of an independent habitation/hamlet/Wadi/Tola/Majra/Mohra etc, if their population is less than 250 persons and there is no potable water source within its location, one source may be provided . A rural habitation not having any safe water source with a permanently settled population of 20 households or 100 persons, whichever is more, is taken as the unit for coverage with funds under the ARWSP. However, the State Government could cover any habitation regardless of its size/population/number of households with funds under State Plan. Definition of habitation : Number of sources required for habitations other than main habitation the number of sources actually required is to be calculated on the basis of one source for every 250 persons. However, if the population of the habitation is less than 250 but the habitation is located within 1.6 k.m. of another habitation or main habitation, the population can be grouped in cluster of 250 each to determine the number of sources. In case the habitation is located at more than 1.6 k.m. from the main/ nearest habitation, one source is needed independently irrespective of the population. Accordingly the number of sources required are to be worked out and entered in this column.

Number of Water sources required as per norms:

Number of sources required for habitations other than main habitation the number of sources actually required is to be calculated on the basis of one source for every 250 persons. However, if the population of the habitation is less than 250 but the habitation is located within 1.6 k.m. of another habitation or main habitation, the population can be grouped in cluster of 250 each to determine the number of sources. In case the habitation is located at more than 1.6 k.m. from the main/ nearest habitation, one source is needed independently irrespective of the population. Accordingly the number of sources required are to be worked out and entered in this column.

Standards for Safe Water:

A source is said to be safe if it is free from physical, chemical bacteriological and biological contamination and conforms to the drinking water quality standards prescribed. The recommended standards acceptable and cause for rejection for drinking water in India by WHO and BIS is as follows:

Design Standards:
In order to have maximum coverage with the limited available resources, the schemes to be taken up under the ARWSP are designed on the basis of 40 litres per capita per day (lpcd).
In case of hand pump schemes one source should be provided for every 50-300 persons. Pipe water supply schemes are designed for supplying water through public stand-posts and house connections (where adequate drinking water is available). In Meghalaya, being a hilly terrain & people are living scatteredly in a habitations, no fixed norm for the number of standposts can be fixed and is based on actual requirement vis-vis technical feasibility & availability of water.

The schemes are framed for a designed the population in a period of 15 years. In general, the increase in the projected population for the design period should not exceed 40% of the 2001 census population.
Cost effective designs evolved under the Technology Mission are adopted under the ARWSP & State Sector.

THE COMMON SCENE FOR WATER

WATER SUPPLY : TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY

WATER SUPPLY : CONTEMPORARY AND MODERN

Challenges in rural drinking water sector

Stand posts

Household Connections

Tubewells / Handpumps Wells / protecte d Springs Unprotected sources

Coverage
Moving up the Drinking Water Ladder

O&M is essential to keep moving up the ladder and reflect good governance

Challenges..
Effective groundwater legislation and enforcement.
Strengthening Water Quality Management Decentralisation/ community involvement Equity, as per NRDWP guidelines Good governance

Water Supply Schemes:

National Rural Drinking Water Programme:
GOAL : To provide every rural person with safe water for drinking, cooking and other domestic basic needs on a sustainable basis. This basic requirement should meet certain minimum water quality standards and be readily and conveniently accessible at all times and in all situations Outlay Rs. 9000 crore in 2010-11 Target to cover all uncovered, quality affected and other habitations and households, schools with safe and adequate drinking water supply

Rajiv Gandhi national drinking water mission:

GOAL: To provide every rural person with adequate water for drinking, cooking and other domestic basic needs on a sustainable basis. This basic requirement should meet certain minimum water quality standards and be readily and conveniently accessible at all times and in all situations. VISION: To ensure permanent drinking water security in rural India. For ensuring drinking water security, measures to improve/augment existing drinking water sources should be taken up and conjunctive use of groundwater, surface water and rain water harvesting is adopted based on village water budgeting and security plan prepared by the community/local government. It is also important that the system delivers services for its entire design period and the quality of water is in conformity with the prescribed standards at both the supply and consumption points. The issue of potability, reliability, sustainability, convenience, equity and consumers preference should be the guiding principles while planning for a community based water supply system.

INVESTMENT IN RURAL DRINKING WATER SUPPLY:

90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0
88,490

Investment (in Rs. crore)

31,357 19,228 2,426 4,377 9,224

48

242

505

Source: Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation, Govt. of India

We believe users of water are the best managers of water