The need for more efficient electricity system management has given rise to innovative technologies in power generation

and transmission. Worldwide transmission systems are undergoing continuous changes and restructuring. In developing countries, the optimized use of transmission systems investments is important to support industry and create employment. FACTS is a technology that responds to these needs.

 These FACTS have been primarily used in Electricity supply industry.

Now a days these FACTS are used in Computer

hardware and Steel manufacturing industries. used for voltage control in transmission systems for railways and in research centers.

 Modern days the power systems network is complex and integrated. So it is necessary to maintain power flow in the network continuously.

As the network becomes the large, complex and integrated the following problems: 1. 2. 3. 4. Maintaining the stability. Voltage profile constant. Frequency collapse. Sub synchronous resonance.

5.
6. 7.

Loading capability.
Maintaining Power factor. Transmission Line Impedance

 The accuracy, availability and fast response enable SVCs to provide high performance steady state and transient voltage control . to dampen power swings Improve transient stability reduces system losses by optimized power control.

 Is a capacitive reactance compensator increase energy transfer dampening of power oscillations dampening of sub synchronous resonances control of line power flow.

A Static Synchronouos generator operated as a shunt connected static VAR compensator whose capacitor or inductive output current can be controlled independent of the ac system voltage

they dont require large inductive and capacitive components to provide reactive power to high voltage transmission systems.

 A combination of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and a static series compensator (SSSC) The UPFC may also provide independently controllable shunt reactive compensation. The UPFC combines the benefits of STATCOM. a TCSC and a

Good Better Best

FACTS devices are used for the dynamic control of voltage, impedance and phase angle of high voltage AC lines.
They provide strategic benefits for improved transmission system through :

1.
2. 3.

Better utilization of existing transmission assets.

Increased transmission system reliability and availability. Increased dynamic and transient grid stability.

4.
5.

Increased quality of supply for sensitive industries.

Environmental benefits.

Investment costs of FACTS devices : The equipment costs. The necessary infrastructure costs.

1 120 6 Per 100 1 80 KVAR 606 0 40 Us $

140
20 0

160

STATCOM
SVC

160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

UPFC TCSC FSC

Operating range in MVAR

Typical investment cost of FACTS devices

 Additional sales Additional wheeling charges Avoiding or delaying of investments

 Maintenance Is minimal and similar to that required for shunt capacitors and transformers. Maintenance ranges from 150-250 man hours per year and depends

up on the size of installation.

FACTS devices are normally operated automatically and can be located in unmanned substations.

 This will include the combination of STATCOM and a TSC to extend the operational range. Improvements in semiconductor technology ( higher current carrying capacity and higher blocking voltages) could reduce the costs of FACTS devices . Developments in superconductor technology open the door to new devices like SCCL (super conducting current limiter) and SMES

(super conducting magnetic energy storage).

FACTS are the key to make this Vision LIVE.