Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Group Members:
Alia Al-Mansoori Jameilah Ali 200002356 200002314
Khawla Al-Shehhi
Manar Mohammad Noha Ali
200002125
200002419 200002153
Presentation Layout
Project Description
Project Description
The primary objective of this project is to design a chemical plant that uses palmitic acid (C15H31COOH) as a raw material to produce drying oil that is used as an additive to paints and varnishes to aid the drying process when these products are coated on a surface. It become one of the most important industrial chemicals in the world due to its low cost and variety of Sources. The acetylated castor oil is thermally cracked to the drying oil (C14H28) and a ceticacid (CH3COOH). It is desired to asses the design from economical, environmental and safety perspectives.
Definition
Drying oil that is used as an additive to paints and varnishes to aid the drying process when these products are coated on a surface.
History
The addition of pigments is a more recent invention and oil paints as a medium of artistic expression have a history of over 1000 years. The original artist's paints were simple mixtures of oil and pigment which could be applied to wood or canvas and allowed to dry. Over time artists made many changes in how the paint was prepared to increase control of the texture, appearance and drying time of the paint.
Condenser 1:
Dew Point = 266C (P=2.5 bar)
Reboiler 1:
Bubble Point = 333C
Condenser 2:
Dew Point = 153C (P=1.8 bar)
Reboiler 2:
Bubble Point = 280.5C
Material Balance
The Importance of material balance
Objectives - Quantities of raw materials required and products produced.
- process flow rates and compositions
Filter
Material Balance 0
Material balance
C16 H 32 O 2 (l ) CH 3 COOH(g) C14 H 28 (l ) 2C14 H 28 (l ) C28 H 56 (s)
AA
ACO
DO
Gum
14.79 ton/yr
65306.1ton/yr
Reactor
ACO
28800ton/yr
T= 380oC X= 0.559 AA
DO
ACO
8556.12ton/yr
Gum
16.53ton/yr 27933.5ton/yr
Input (ton/yr)
36506.1 0
Xi 1 0
Output (ton/yr)
28800 8556.12
Xo 0.44 0.13
Drying oil
Gum Total
0
0 36506.1
0
0 1
27933.5
16.53 653096.15
0.43
0.00025 3 1
Input = 65306.12ton/yr
Filter
Output = 65289.59ton/yr
AA
DO ACO
gum
16.53ton/yr
Drying oil
Gum Total
Distillation column
Distillation column 1
Feed = 65289.62 ton/yr
AA DO
ACO
AA
DO
ACO
Fi
Xfi
Di
XDi
Wi
XWi
28800
8556.12 27933.5 65289.62
0.28
0.36 0.358 1
0
8556.12 27919.5 36475.62
0
0.5003 0.4997 1
28800
0 13.967 28813.97
0.9994
0 0.00063 1
Distillation column 2
Feed = 36475.65 ton/yr
AA
DO
DO
Component Fi Drying oil 27919.5 Xfi 0.5003 Di 139.59 XDi 0.005 Wi 27779.9 XWi 0.9998
Acetic acid
8556.15 Total 36475.65 1 8652.966 1 27822.68 1 0.4997 8513.369 0.995 42.78 0.0002
Energy balance
Why do energy balance. Objectives: - Estimate the cooling water required for the process
- Find the fuel required for the process - Estimate the overall energy requirement for the process
Furnac e
Filte r
Furnace
Q = 1.87X1011 kJ/yr
Air
Ng
Heat Exchanger
Q = 2.7X1011 kJ/yr
CW
mcw=1.16X108 m3/yr
Condenser 1
At dew point Temperature = 265 C
P = 2.5 bar QC= 3.41X1012 kJ/yr
CW
mcw= 81,296,658 m3/yr
Reboiler 1
At bubble point Temperature = 332 C
P = 2.5 bar
Reboiler
Condenser 2
At dew point Temperature = 153 C P = 1.8 bar
Qc=3.6X1012 kJ/yr
CW
mcw= 85,494,364 m3/yr
Reboiler 2
At bubble point Temperature = 280.5 C P = 1.8 bar
Eye: Not expected to cause prolonged or significant eye irritation Skin contact may cause drying or defatting of the skin. Inhalation: Not expected to be harmful if inhaled
Personal protection - Wear appropriate clothing and safety glasses - Eye washes and safety showers. Fire and explosive hazards
- Flash Point: > 107 C (> 224.6F) - Autoignition: 235 C (455F) - Lower Explosive Limit: 0.5 - Upper Explosive Limit: 5.4
Personal protection
Wear chemical goggles. Wear appropriate gloves to prevent skin exposure. Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Castor Oil
Acute Health Hazard - Harmful if swallowed. -May cause irritation. -Avoid breathing vapors, or dusts Personal protection - Avoid breathing product vapour - use safety goggles. -Use chemically resistant gloves if required Fire and explosive hazards - Flash point: 229 C - Flammability limits (% by volume in air): Lower: N/A Upper: N/A
Temperature Optimization
Optimization
5.00000E+07 3.00000E+07 1.00000E+07 -1.00000E+07 300 -3.00000E+07 -5.00000E+07 -7.00000E+07 -9.00000E+07 -1.10000E+08 -1.30000E+08 -1.50000E+08 Tem perature ( oC)
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
Profit
S0 by optimization we found that ,s= 0.559 is the best C = 130,000 (5) (50,000/0.559)0.30 = 19.878 million pound = $868.867 million
2. Capital Cost in 2003 In order to calculate capital cost in year 2003, the process engineering index is used Cost in year A = Cost in year B * (Cost index in year A/ Cost index in year B) Value of index at 1998 = 390 Value of index at 2003 = 395 Cost in 2003 = 868.867x106 *(395/390) = $ 880*107
Allowing for 3 % inflation from 2003 to 2007, Cost = 51.08*107* 1.03 = $52.61*107 So the total capital cost will be = $906.4*106 in 2005.