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Introduction
The activities of international trade, such as transport and trading conditions, procedures have to be carried out individuals involved in these activities, it is important for both buyers and sellers meet requirements and measures so that the regulations adopt a uniform commercial permitting flow of business transactions and logistics for the movement of cargo from origin to final destination. one of these instruments is the Bill of Lading that has many kinds of qualities that contribute to the rapid flow of information between the actors involved.
Key words
Bill of lading: is a document to international transport. The Shipping Declaration: This is a document which is filled out by the Shipper/Forwarding Agent. Initial carriage by (mode): The mode of transportation by which the goods were carried, from the place where the carrier received them under his responsibility, until the port of loading. C.F.R: Code of Federal Regulations I.M.O: Inter Governmental Maritime Organization
Background
On the principle of ocean shipping was not yet known the bill of lading. In the thirteenth century implements a receipt issued by the captain of the ship.
OR
Contract by which a party called carrier agrees to transfer, under a defined relationship, specific goods through a freight also determined and committed to delivering the goods in the state in which the received
FUNTIONS
THE BILL OF LADING AS A CONTRACT IT IS A CONFIRMATION OF THE RIGHT OF POSSESSION OF THE GOODS. IT IS A RECEIPT AND CONFIRMATION OF LOADING THE GOODS ON BOARD THE VESSEL.
It must be distinguished between the original Bill of Lading and its copy:
Original
Only the original Bill of Lading validly fulfills, the three purposes mentioned and that only on the condition that it is properly endorsed on its reverse side. The number of original Bills of Ladings to be issued depends on the agreement between the carrier and merchant. On the Bill of Lading there is a special provision where this number will appear.
Copy
A Copy of a Bill of Lading serves all those who are involved in the business and need particulars about the goods and their carriage. The Carrier issues a number of copies according to the merchants wish.
NAME OF RECEIVER AND HIS ADDRESS, when a direct deal has been made between Shipper and Receiver. TO ORDER The term TO ORDER itself, when the Bill of Lading is a Bearer Bill of Lading. TO ORDER OF BANK, When a bank is involved in the deal.
As shown in the illustration above, these boxes may be divided into 3 main parts: A land stretch prior sea. A Maritime stretch. A land stretch to final destination.
Asterisked boxes
INITIAL CARRIAGE BY (MODE) PLACE OF RECEIPT OF GOODS* (IF CONTRACTED FOR) LOADING VESSEL * VOY. PORT OF LOADING * PORT OF DESTINATION * FINAL DESTINATION * (IF CONTRACTED FOR)
Make sure that the temperature appearing are in centigrades. Ensure that the temperature of the container when delivered fits the temperature appearing on the documents. A refrigerated container (named also reefer) keeps the temperature. It does not chill).
FREIGHT PAYABLE AT
Form of Carriage
HOUSE TO HOUSE HOUSE TO PIER PIER TO HOUSE PIER TO PIER
Conclusion
the bill of lading is more than a documentary requirement, its meaning for foreign trade to prevail under the title tool in information flows. that importance has to be evaluated beyond the papers, and located as a business tool.