OSTEOLOGI UMUM

dr. Yoyok Subagio Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

TUJUAN KULIAH
1. Mahasiswa dapat mengetahui secara umum tentang susunan tulang manusia 2. Mahasiswa dapat mengetahui susunan tulang secara anatomi,fisiologi dan patofisiologis 3. Mahasiswa memahami kelainan tulang akibat trauma dan non trauma 4. Mahasiswa mampu mengerjakan tugas struktur dengan baik dan benar

STRUCTURE OF BONE

The matrix of bone The cells of Mature bone

THE MATRIX OF BONE

Water

(25%) Organic Constituent (~25%) Inorganic Constituent (~50%)

THE CELLS OF BONE

Osteogenic cells- stem cells. Osteoblasts- bone building cells, secrete matrix & collagen fibers. Osteocytes- mature bone cells that no longer secrete matrix. Osteoclasts- bone digestion

Anatomy of a Long Bone

Diaphysis Epiphysis Metaphysis Articular cartilage Medullary cavity

Structure of Long Bone

Figure 6.3

Histological Structure of bone

Long Bone Formation and Growth

Slide

SKELETON (Kerangka Tulang)

Secara umum dibagi menjadi : Axial skeleton (tulang axis tubuh)

Skull Auditory ossicles Hyoid bone Vertebral column Ribs and sternum 22 6 1 26 25

Appendicular skeleton (extremitas tubuh)

Upper extremity Lower extremity 64 62

SKULL
Skull

Associated bone

Cranium

Face

Audiotory ossicles

Hyoid

occipital,pari etal,frontal, temporal , sphenoid,eth moid

Maxilla, palatine,nasal ,inferior nasal conchae,zygo matic,lacrimal e,vomer,man dibula

The Fetal Skull

Fontanelles fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones
Allow the brain to grow

Convert to bone within 24 months after birth

Figure 5.13
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Slide

Human Skull, Superior View

Human Skull, Inferior View

Figure 5.9
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Slide 5.24

Paranasal Sinuses
Functions of paranasal sinuses
Lighten the skull Give resonance and amplification to voice

Figure 5.10
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Slide

The Hyoid Bone

The only bone that does not articulate with another bone

Serves as a moveable base for the tongue

Figure 5.12
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Slide 5.26

BONES of TRUNK (vertebrae)

Composition: vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, sternum and ribs

Vertebrae
Cervical =7

Thoracic = 12
Lumbar =5

Sacrum
Coccyx

=5
=1

Vertebrae Collum

General features of vertebrae

Vertebral body Vertebral arch

pedicle of vertebral arch : sup. and inf. Vertebral notch lamina of vertebral arch spinous process transverse process sup. and inf. articular processes

process (7):

Vertebral foramen Vertebral canal Intervertebral foramen

v. cervicalis

v. thoracalis

v. lumbalis

Os. atlas

Os. axis

Sacrum

Anterior surface:
promontory, anterior sacral foramina (four pairs)

Posterior surface:
median sacral crest, posterior sacral foramina (four pairs), sacral hiatus sacral cornu

Lateral part:
auricular surface, sacral tuberosity

THORACIC CAGE

Sternum Ribs

Atypical rib

First rib: tubercle for scalenus anterior, sulcus for subclavian artery and vein 11th and 12th ribs lack costal necks, tubercles and angles

APPENDICULAR SKELETON
Appendicular skeleton
Pectoral girdles Upper limbs Lower limbs Pelvic girdle

Clavicula

Scapula Humerus,radius, ulna,carpal,meta carpal,phalanges Femur,patella, tibia,fibula,tar sal,metatarsal ,phalanges

Hip bones

Pectoral Girdles

Clavicula

Scapula

Upper Limbs

Humerus

Upper end: head of radius, neck of radius, radial tuberosity, and articular circumference Shaftinterosseous border Lower end: styloid process laterally, ulnar notch medially, and carpal articular surface inferiorly

Carpal bones

Proximal row (lateral to medial) scaphoid, lunate, triquetral and pisiform Distal row (lateral to medial) trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate Numbered one to five from thumb to little finger Structure of eachbase (proximally), shaft, and head (distally) Consist of 14 two for first digit (thumb) and three for each of other four digits Structure of each base (proximally), shaft, and trochlea of phalanx (distally), tuberosity of distal phalanx

Metacarpal bones

Phalanges of fingers

Bones of the Lower Limbs

The thigh has one bone
Femur thigh bone Patella

Figure 5.35a, b
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Slide

Bones of the Lower Limbs

The leg has two bones

Tibia Fibula

Figure 5.35c
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Slide

Bones of the Lower Limbs

The foot
Tarsus ankle

Metatarsals sole Phalanges toes

Figure 5.25
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 5.41

Hip bone
Consisting of three fused bones, ilium, ischium, pubis Ilium
Body of ilium to form superior 2/5 of acetabulum Ala of ilium : iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine anterior inferior iliac spine, tubercle of iliac crest, posterior superior iliac spine posterior inferior iliac spine, greater sciatic notch, gluteal surface iliac fossa, arcuate line, auricular surface, iliac tuberosity,

Pelvic Girdle

The Pelvis

Figure 5.23a

Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide

Hip bone
Consisting of three fused bones, ilium, ischium, pubis Ilium
Body of ilium to form superior 2/5 of acetabulum Ala of ilium : iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine anterior inferior iliac spine, tubercle of iliac crest, posterior superior iliac spine posterior inferior iliac spine, greater sciatic notch, gluteal surface iliac fossa, arcuate line, auricular surface, iliac tuberosity,

Gender Differences of the Pelvis

Figure 5.23c
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 5.39

CLINICAL FINDING

Trauma Non Trauma

Fracture of the distal end pf the radius

47

OPEN FRACTURED Gr III

G IIIB

G IIIA
G IIIC

TERIMAKASIH