KS3 Physics

7I Energy Resources

1 of 20 24

Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Contents

7I Energy Resources
The nature of energy

Energy resources Fossil fuels

Summary activities
1 of 20 2 24 Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Different types of energy

There are many different types of energy:

thermal light sound elastic gravitational kinetic electrical chemical nuclear

1 of 20 3 24

Can you think of examples of each type of energy?

Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Which type of energy?

1 of 20 4 24

Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Energy transfer
Energy can be changed from one form to another.
For example: Chemical energy in food is converted to thermal energy and kinetic energy by our bodies.

Gravitational energy in a ball is converted to kinetic energy when it falls to the ground. What other energy transfers can you think of?
1 of 20 5 24 Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

What is the energy transfer?

What energy transfer takes place in each device? burning match portable torch microphone radio television catapult mobile phone chemical to heat and light chemical to heat and light sound to electrical electrical to sound and heat electrical to sound and light and heat elastic to kinetic and heat chemical to sound and microwaves (EM radiation) and heat chemical to kinetic and sound and heat

car

In all these transfers the energy is not lost, it is conserved. Energy cannot be destroyed or created.
1 of 20 6 24 Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Contents

7I Energy Resources
The nature of energy

Energy resources Fossil fuels

Summary activities
1 of 20 7 24 Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Using energy
Humans use chemical energy (from food) to live and function. However, in a modern society we also use large amounts of energy from other sources. Can you think of some activities requiring energy? travelling and communicating over long distances; controlling our environment, e.g. air conditioning/heating; manufacturing and building many kinds of materials and products, e.g. roads, cars, buildings, prepared food. Where does the energy for these type of activities come from?

1 of 20 8 24

Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Energy resources in the UK

Energy resources can be divided into two types: renewable (e.g. hydroelectric); non-renewable (e.g. coal, oil, nuclear and natural gas).
gas oil coal nuclear renewables

41%

32%

2%

8%

17%

1 of 20 9 24

Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Non-renewable energy resources

Oil, coal and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels. They were formed from biological deposits over the course of millions of years.

oil

coal

natural gas

There is a finite amount of fossil fuels on the Earth and they will eventually run out. Once fossil fuels are used they cannot be regenerated and used again, so they are called non-renewable.
1 of 20 10 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Renewable energy sources

Renewable energy resources will not run out because they can easily be regenerated. Examples of renewable energy resources are: wind power

solar power
tidal power biomass

Only 2% of the UKs energy comes from renewable sources.

Can you think of a reason why?
1 of 20 11 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Renewable or non-renewable?

1 of 20 12 of 24

Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Energy and the Sun

The Sun
The Sun is the original source of most energy resources.

Plants store the Suns energy

through photosynthesis. Animals then eat the plants.

1 of 20 13 of 24

Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Energy resources from the Sun

oil

waves
The Sun is the original source of most energy resources.

coal

biomass

food

wind natural gas

1 of 20 14 of 24

Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Contents

7I Energy Resources
The nature of energy

Energy resources Fossil fuels

Summary activities
1 of 20 15 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Fossil fuels

1 of 20 16 of 24

Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

How coal was formed

About 300 million years ago, trees and other plants photosynthesized and stored the Suns energy. Dead plants fell into swampy water and the mud prevented them from rotting away. Over the years, the mud piled up and squashed the plant remains. After millions of years under this pressure, the mud became rock and the dead plants became coal.

1 of 20 17 of 24

Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Coal formation

1 of 20 18 of 24

Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

How oil and gas were formed

Oil and gas are also biological in origin. Millions of years ago tiny animals lived in the sea. Like today, their ecosystem was dependent on heat and light from the Sun and photosynthesis by plants. When they died they fell into mud and sand at the bottom of the sea but did not rot away.
Over millions of years, they got buried deeper by the mud and sand. The temperature and pressure (caused by the weight of the sediments and deep burial) changed the mud and sand into rock and the dead animals into crude oil and natural gas.

This sample of crude oil was formed in southern England. Crude oil formed in other parts of the world can be very different in appearance and viscosity.
1 of 20 19 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Oil and gas formation

1 of 20 20 of 24

Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Contents

7I Energy Resources
The nature of energy

Energy resources Fossil fuels

Summary activities
1 of 20 21 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Glossary energy The ability to do work it exists in different forms

such as chemical, electrical, heat and light.

energy transfer Changing energy from one form to

another.

energy resource A substance that is a source of energy. fuel A substance that releases energy when it burns.

fossil fuel A fuel that is formed from the remains of dead

plants and animals, such as coal, oil and natural gas.

non-renewable An energy resource that cannot be

replaced and will eventually run out.

renewable An energy resource that can be replaced and

will not run out.
1 of 20 22 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Anagrams

1 of 20 23 of 24

Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005

Multiple-choice quiz

1 of 20 24 of 24

Boardworks Ltd 2004 2005