Cell Selection & Reselection

Cell Selection and Reselection
NOKIA
topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer
Cell Selection and Reselection: Motivation

manual mode indication to user PLMN selected PLMN available
NAS control
radio measurements
registration area changes
CM requests
PLMN selection and reselection
cell selection and reselection
location registration location registration response
automatic mode
if the UE is in the RRC idle mode
RRC tasks:

PLMN selection and reselection; Cell selection and reselection; Location registration.
if the UE is in the RRC connected mode states: CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, and URA_PCH
NOKIA
PLMN Selection
Switch on Last registered PLMN Home PLMN User controlled PLMN list Operator controlled PLMN list Other PLMNs with RATs the UE is capable of
in automatic PLMN selection operation mode
HPLMN Search Period Timer

6 .. 480 minutes Default: 60 minutes
NOKIA
Cell Reservations and Cell Restrictions

BCCH: Cell Access Restriction
Cell - acceptable - suitable - barred - reserved
Access Class barred: (UE access classes 0..9 and 11..15)
11
NOKIA
Cell Reservations and Cell Restrictions

suitable for selection and reselection Case Cell Barred not barred not barred not barred Cell reserved for operator not reserved not reserved reserved --Cell barred
Cell reserved for future extension not reserved reserved -----
1
2 3 4
barred
suitable for AC 11 or 15 in HPLMN otherwise barred
Not suitable not even for emergency call
13
NOKIA
Cell Reservations and Cell Restrictions: Access Class

Access Class irrelevant for access
suitable cell
UE RRC connected
suitable cell
I ignore all Access Class related cell access restrictions when selecting a cell to camp on
UE RRC idle
Access Class only relevant for access
15
NOKIA
Nokia Parameters for Cell Reservations and Restrictions

WCEL: CellBarred Defines whether the cell is barred or not. A barred cell is a cell where a UE is not allowed to camp on. This parameter is part of SIB 3. 0 (Barred), 1 (Not barred); default: 1. WCEL: TBarred When the cell is barred, UE regards the cell barred condition valid for a number of seconds defined by the value of 'Cell barred period'. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, and 1280] seconds; default: 40 seconds. WCEL: Cell_Reserved Defines whether the cell is reserved for operator use. This parameter is part of SIB 3. 0 (Reserved), 1 (Not reserved); default: 1. WCEL: IntraFreq_Cell_Reselect_Ind Defines whether intra-frequency cell re-selection is allowed when the cell is barred. This parameter is part of SIB 3/4. 0 (Allowed), 1 (Not allowed); default: 0.
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NOKIA
States and State Transition in the RRC Idle Mode

Cell Selection Process
NAS: UE
NAS controls RAT(s) associated with the selected PLMN forbidden registration areas list of equivalent PLMNs
CN
PLMN selection AS: attempts to find suitable cells
AS controls correspondent procedures
19
NOKIA

go here whenever a new PLMN is selected cell information stored for the PLMN no cell information stored for the PLMN
Stored Information Cell Selection no suitable cell found suitable cell found
no suitable cell found
Initial Cell Selection
suitable cell found
Cell Selection when leaving connected mode
suitable cell found
Camped normally
NAS registration rejected
return to idle mode
leave idle mode
trigger
suitable cell selected
Connected Mode
Cell Reselection Evaluation Process
21
NOKIA
(adopted from TS 25.305 V3.11.0 chap. 5.5.2)

go here when no USIM in the UE Any Cell Selection 1 USIM inserted
no acceptable cell found an acceptable cell found acceptable cell found
Cell Selection when leaving connected mode
Camped on Any Cell
suitable cell found
return to idle mode
leave idle mode trigger
acceptable cell selected no acceptable cell found
Connected Mode (Emergency calls only)
Cell Reselection Evaluation Process
(adopted from TS 25.305 V3.11.0 chap. 5.5.2)

23 NOKIA topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer
Cell Selection Criterion S (in the FDD mode)

Squal > 0
Qqualmeas (dB) (CPICH Ec/N0)
S-Criterion fulfiled
Squal >0 AND Srxlev > 0
Qqualmin (24...0)
Qrxlevmin (115...25)
Qrxlevmeas (dBm) CPICH RSCP
Pcompensation
suitable cell?
Srxlev > 0
Cell Selection Criterion S

Cell size defining parameters: Qrxlevmin
Qqualmin I am outside
I am inside, but have not enough power -50 .. 33 dBm Pcompensation = max(UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH P_MAX, 0)
(Initial) Cell Selection Process

Once a suitable cell is found this cell is selected
Squal = Qqualmeas Qqualmin > 0

Initial Cell Selection (scan RF channel)
Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - Qrxlevmin Pcompensation > 0
or
Stored Information Cell Selection
I have to find a suitable cell

Cell Selection When Leaving the RRC Connected Mode

active set cells as candidates for cell selections; if not, then Stored information cell selection
Squal > 0
Srxlev > 0
31
NOKIA
Nokia Parameters for Cell Selection

WCEL: QrxlevMin The minimum required RX level in the cell. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [-115 ... 25] dBm, step 2 dBm; default: -115 dBm. WCEL: QqualMin The minimum required quality level in the cell (Ec/No). This parameter is part of SIB 3. [-24 ... 0] dB, step 1 dB, default: -20 dB. WCEL: UEtxPowerMaxPRACH This parameter defines the maximum transmission power level a UE can use on PRACH. The value of the parameter also effects the cell selection and reselection procedures. The value of the parameter is sent to UE in the Cell selection and re-selection of SIB 3 and 4 of the serving cell. [..]
32
NOKIA
Cell Reselection in the RRC Idle and RRC Connected Mode

HCS in use:
measurement thresholds S-Criterion fulfilled
HCS not in use:

measurement thresholds S-Criterion fulfilled
for fast moving UEs

cells with lower HCS priority than in serving cell
H-Criterion
for slow moving UEs

cells with highest HCS Priorities & H>0 If No Cell with H>0 accept all neighbors
R-Criterion cell ranking

Cell Reselection: Measurement Rules with no HCS

Sx=Squal (in FDD mode)
SsearchRAT m
Sintersearch
Sintrasearch
Intra-frequency Inter-freqency Inter-RAT
Intra-frequency Inter-frequency
Intrafrequency
No need to measure neighbour cells
Example: Nokia Sintrasearch = 4dB, Sintersearch = 2dB, Ssearch_RAT = 0dB

Where to perform measurements

serving cell
Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part I)

WCEL: UseOfHCS This parameter indicates whether the serving cell belongs to a Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS). This parameter is part of SIB 11/12. 0 (HCS not used), 1 (HCS in use); default: 0. WCEL: Sintrasearch The threshold for intra-frequency measurements, and for the HCS measurement rules. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [0 ... 20] dB, step 2 dB, default: 4 dB. WCEL: Sintersearch The threshold for inter-frequency measurements, and for the HCS measurement rules. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [0 ... 20] dB, step 2 dB, default: 2 dB. WCEL: Ssearch_RAT The RAT-specific threshold for inter-RAT measurement rules. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [0 ... 20] dB, step 2 dB, default: 0 dB.
38
NOKIA
Cell Reselection: Measurement Rules with HCS

if Srxlevs > SsearchHCS SsearchRAT m SlimitsearchRAT m
Sintersearch
Sintrasearch
Equal & higher HCS priority Intra-frequency Inter-frequency
Higher HCS priority Intra-frequency Inter-frequency
if
Srxlevs <= SsearchHCS
Example: Nokia Sintrasearch = 4dB, Sintersearch = 2dB, Ssearch_RAT = 0dB, SsearchHCS = 1dB
41
NOKIA
Cell Reselection: Measurement Rules with HCS

if Srxlevs > SHCS,RATm SsearchRAT m SlimitsearchRAT m Sintersearch Sintrasearch
Intra-frequency Inter-freqency Inter-RAT
Intra-frequency, Inter-frequency, & Equal and higher HCS priority inter RAT
Equal & higher HCS priority Intra-frequency Inter-frequency
Higher HCS priority Intra-frequency Inter-frequency
if Srxlevs <= SHCS,RATm measure on all Inter-RAT cells
Example: Nokia Sintrasearch = 4dB, Ssearch_RAT = 0dB, SsearchHCS = -1dB,
Sintersearch = 2dB, Slimit, searchRAT = 2dB SHCS_RAT = 1dB
43
NOKIA
Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part II)

WCEL: SHCS_RAT The RAT specific threshold for inter-RAT measurement rules. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [-1 ... 91] dB, step 2 dB, default: -1 dB (UE sets this value to 0). WCEL: Slimit_SearchRAT Threshold for skipping inter-RAT measurement rules in HCS. Above this RAT specific threshold in the serving UTRA cell, the UE does not need to perform any inter-RATm measurements. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [0 ... 20] dB, step 2 dB, default: 2 dB. WCEL: SsearchHCS Threshold for intra- and inter-frequency measurement rules in HCS. Below this limit in the serving cell, the UE initiates measurements of all intra and inter-frequency neighbouring cells of the serving cell. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [-1 ... 91] dB, step 2 dB, default: -1 dB (UE sets this value to 0).
44
NOKIA
Measurement Rules with HCS and fast moving UEs

NCR/TCRmax Example: Nokia TCRmax = 60s, NCR = 8, TCRmaxHyst = 0s
time measurement rules for slow moving UEs NCR = cell reselection threshold (default: 8) TCRmax = time period fast moving UE
TCrmaxHyst
measurement rule for fast moving UEs
measurement rules for slow moving UEs
measures neighbouring cells with equal or

lower HCS priority
priorizes cells with lower HCS priority

for re-selection
Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part III)

WCEL: NCr This parameter defines the maximum number of cell reselections. If the number of cell reselections during the TCrmax time period exceeds the value of NCr, high mobility has been detected. Not used if TCrmax equals 'not used This parameter is part of SIB 3. [1 ... 16], default: 8. WCEL: TCrmax The duration for evaluating the allowed amount of cell reselections. If the number of cell reselections during the time period defined by Tcrmax exceeds Ncr, high mobility has been detected. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [0 (= not used), 30, 60, 120, 180, 240] seconds, default: 60 seconds. WCEL: TCrmaxHyst Cell reselection hysteresis for reverting from UE high-mobility measurements. The additional time period before UE reverts to low-mobility measurements. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70] seconds, default: 0 seconds.
48
NOKIA
Cell Reselection: H-Criterion (slow moving UE)

measurement thresholds S-Criterion fulfilled Hs = Qmeas,s Qhcss Hn = Qmeas,n - Qhcsn TOn * Ln
H-Criterion
for fast moving UEs
cells with lower HCS priority than in serving cell
cells with H>0

only cells with highest HCS priorities & H>0
for slow moving UEs
no cells with H>0
accept all neighbours
53
NOKIA
Cell Reselection: H-Criterion (slow moving UE) and TOn

Hs = Qmeas,s Qhcss Hn = Qmeas,n - Qhcsn TOn * Ln Qmeas,n - Qhcsn
PENALTY_TIMEn
PENALTY_TIMEn
0 TOn TOn
time
TOn = 0 Start Tn Stop Tn
TOn = 0 Start Tn
TOn = TEMP_OFFSETn * W(PENALTY_TIMEn Tn)

Example: HCS_PRIOn <> HCS_PRIOs => Ln = 1
Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part IV)

WCEL: HCS_PRIO This parameter defines the HCS priority level for a cell. Value 0 indicates the lowest HCS priority and value 7 indicates the highest HCS priority. [0 ... 7], default: 0. WCEL: QHCS Quality threshold level for applying prioritised hierarchical cell re-selection for a cell. Part of HCS Serving cell information (Qhcss). This parameter is part of SIB 3. [-24 ... 0] dB, step 0.5 dB, default: -24 dB. HOPS: AdjsHCSthreshold Defines the threshold level which must be exceeded by the CPICH Ec/No of the intra-frequency neighbouring cell before the hierarchical cell re-selection becomes possible (Qhcsn). [-24 ... 0] dB, step 0.5 dB, default: -24 dB. HOPI: AdjiHCSthreshold: [-24 ... 0] dB, step 0.5 dB, default: -24 dB. HOPG: AdjgHCSthreshold: [-110 ... -37] dBm, default: -110 dBm.
55
NOKIA
Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part IV)

HOPS: AdjsTempOffset1 This parameter is used in the cell ranking between cells when the intra-frequency neighbour cell has the same HCS priority level as the serving cell. [3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 100 (Infinity)] dB, default: 3 dB. HOPI: AdjiTempOffset1, HOPG: AdjgTempOffset1 HOPS: AdjsTempOffset2 This parameter is used in the cell ranking between WCDMA cells when the intra-frequency neighbour cell has the same HCS priority level as the serving cell. [2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 100 (Infinity)] dB, default: 2 dB. HOPI: AdjiTempOffset2 HOPS: AdjsPenaltyTime Defines the time period during which the Temporary Offset 1/2 is applied in the cell re-selection procedure for the intra-frequency neighbour cell in question. [0 ... 60] seconds, step 10 seconds, default: 0. HOPI: AdjiPenaltyTime, HOPG: AdjgPenaltyTime
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NOKIA
Cell Reselection: R-Criterion and TOn

Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhysts Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffsets,n - TOn * (1 Ls)
PENALTY_TIMEn
PENALTY_TIMEn
temp. offset only used with HCS
TOn
TOn
TOn = 0 Start Tn TOn=0 Stop Tn Start Tn
Qmeas,s
TOn = TEMP_OFFSETn * W(PENALTY_TIMEn Tn)

Example: HCS_PRIOn = HCS_PRIOs => Ln = 0
Cell Reselection: R-Criterion

Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhysts Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffsets,n - TOn * (1 Ls) Qmeas
Rn > Rs => cell reselection

Qmeas,n
Rn
Qmeas,s Qhysts
Qoffsets,n
Treselection
Rs
60
Example: HCS_PRIOn <> HCS_PRIOs => Ln = 1

NOKIA
Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part V)

WCEL: Qhyst1 (Qhyst2) Qhyst1 is used for TDD and GSM cells, and for FDD cells when cell selection and re-selection quality measure is set to CPICH RSCP (CPICH Ec/No) (Qhyst1s/ Qhyst2s). This parameter is part of SIB 3. [0 ... 40] dB, step 2 dB, default: 4 dB. HOPS: AdjsQoffset1 (AdjsQoffset2) This parameter is used in the cell re-selection and ranking between WCDMA cells. The value of this parameter is subtracted from the measured CPICH RSCP (CPICH Ec/No) of the intra-frequency neighbour cell before the UE compares the quality measure with the cell re-selection/ranking criteria. [-50 ... 50] dB, default: 0 dB. HOPS: AdjsQoffset1 (AdjsQoffset2), HOPG: AdjgQoffset1, (AdjgQoffset2) WCELL: Treselection The UE triggers the reselection of a new cell if the cell reselection criteria are fulfilled during the time interval Treselection. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [0 ... 31] seconds, default: 0 seconds.
The remaining parameters were already specified under Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part IV).
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NOKIA
Cell Reselection: Measurement Requirements Serving Cell

DRX cycle
Nserv
start measurement on all neighbouring cells
12 seconds
if UE RRC idle UE initiates cell selection procedures for the selected PLMN
At least one
DRX cycle
if still no suitable cells
UE out of service area if UE in CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH or URA_PCH
CPICH Ec/Io measurement CPICH RSCP measurement S criterion evaluation

Cell Reselection: Measurement Intra-frequency Cells

Serving cell Intra-frequency cell
3 dB
TmeasureFDD cycle At least one
time
CPICH Ec/Io measurement, or CPICH RSCP measurement

UE is capable of evaluating that an intra-frequency cell has become better ranked (if Treselection = 0) within TmeasureFDD
Cell Reselection: Measurement Inter-frequency Cells

Serving cell Inter-frequency cell
3 dB for CPICH Ec/Io 5 dB for CPICH RSCP
(Ncarrier-1) * TmeasureFDD cycle CPICH Ec/Io measurement or CPICH RSCP measurement

time
At least one
UE is capable of evaluating that an inter-frequency cell has become better ranked (if Treselection = 0) within (Ncarrier -1) * TmeasureFDD
Cell Reselection: Measurement Requirements + GSM Cells

TmeasureGSM
GSM BCCH carrier RSSI
Each GSM neighbour
30 seconds
BSIC at least every 30 seconds for each of the 4 strongest GSM BCCH carriers
DRX cycle length [s] 0.08 0.16 0.32 0.64 1.28
N serv [number of DRX cycles] 4 4 4 4 2
T measureFDD [s] (number of DRX cycles) 0.64 (8 DRX cycles) 0.64 (4) 1.28 (4) 1.28 (2) 1.28 (1)
T evaluateFDD [s] (number of DRX cycles) 2.56 (32 DRX cycl) 2.56 (16) 5.12 (16) 5.12 (8) 6.4 (5)
T measureGSM [s] (number of DRX cycles) 2.56 (32 DRX cycl) 2.56 (16) 5.12 (16) 5.12 (8) 6.4 (5)
2.56
5.12
2
1
2.56 (1)
5.12 (1)
7.68 (3)
10.24 (2)
7.68 (3)
10.24 (2)
(DRX cycle length table source: TS 25.133 V3.11.0 chap. 4.2.2.1)
In idle mode, UE supports DRX cycles lengths 0.64, 1.28, 2.56 and 5.12 s
Cell Reselection: Maximum Interruption in Paging Reception

intra-frequency 50 ms 50 ms 50 ms TSI TBCCH
inter-frequency
inter-RAT
71
NOKIA

Cell Selection & Reselection

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Cell Selection & Reselection

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Cell Selection and Reselection

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

Cell Selection and Reselection: Motivation

PLMN selection and reselection

cell selection and reselection

location registration location registration response

if the UE is in the RRC idle mode

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

in automatic PLMN selection operation mode

HPLMN Search Period Timer

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

Cell Reservations and Cell Restrictions

Cell - acceptable - suitable - barred - reserved

Access Class barred: (UE access classes 0..9 and 11..15)

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

Cell Reservations and Cell Restrictions

Cell reserved for future extension not reserved reserved -----

suitable for AC 11 or 15 in HPLMN otherwise barred

Not suitable not even for emergency call

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

Cell Reservations and Cell Restrictions: Access Class

Access Class only relevant for access

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

Nokia Parameters for Cell Reservations and Restrictions

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

States and State Transition in the RRC Idle Mode

PLMN selection AS: attempts to find suitable cells

AS controls correspondent procedures

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

States and State Transition in the RRC Idle Mode

no suitable cell found

Initial Cell Selection

suitable cell found

Cell Selection when leaving connected mode

suitable cell found

no suitable cell found

NAS registration rejected

return to idle mode

leave idle mode

suitable cell selected

Cell Reselection Evaluation Process

no suitable cell found

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

(adopted from TS 25.305 V3.11.0 chap. 5.5.2)

States and State Transition in the RRC Idle Mode

no acceptable cell found an acceptable cell found acceptable cell found

Cell Selection when leaving connected mode

Camped on Any Cell

suitable cell found

return to idle mode

leave idle mode trigger

acceptable cell selected no acceptable cell found

Connected Mode (Emergency calls only)

Cell Reselection Evaluation Process

(adopted from TS 25.305 V3.11.0 chap. 5.5.2)

Cell Selection Criterion S (in the FDD mode)

Qrxlevmeas (dBm) CPICH RSCP

Cell Selection Criterion S

(Initial) Cell Selection Process

Squal = Qqualmeas Qqualmin > 0

Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - Qrxlevmin Pcompensation > 0

Stored Information Cell Selection

I have to find a suitable cell