MUSIC

The art of combining sounds of varying pitch produce a coherent composition that is melodious, harmonious, intelligible and expressive of ideas and emotions.

DANCE
Form of art using rhythmic bodily movements expressing ideas and emotions, and accompanied by music.
Also a form of exercise, recreation and socialization.

Elements of Dance
Dancer
- the performer who executes the steps and follows the instructions of the choreographer. He or she also wears the costumes and carries props.

Choreographer
- Dance director who does the overall design of the dance. - Assigns the steps to dancers, chooses the costumes and props

Design
- Planned organization or pattern of movements in space and time.

- Movements and positioning of dancers.

Subject
- The message or theme of the dance, or what the dance is all about.

Movements
- Classified into steps, gestures and facial expressions.

Technique
- Style or way of executing the movements.

Costumes
- Things worn by the dancers during their performance.

Properties and Set Design

- Things carried by the dancers as they perform. - Setting or background that indicates the place of action for the dancers.

ELEMENTS OF MUSIC

PITCH is the highness and lowness of tone

TEMPO OR RATE is the speed of a composition.

Types of tempo: allegro (fast), vivace (lively and fast), moderato (moderately), andante (walking pace), adagio (slow and stately), lento (very slow), largo (slower than lento)

VOLUME OR INTENSITY is the loudness and softness of a sound

DURATION is the length of time during which a sound is produced

TIMBRE OR TONE COLOR is the quality of sound

RHYTHM is the consistent pattern or succession of identical or similar sounds.

HARMONY is the simultaneous sounding of two or more tones.

MELODY is the series of consecutive tones that vary in pitch and duration that form a line of individual significance and expressive value.

TEXTURE is the number of tones expected to be apprehended simultaneously. It can be monophonic (single melodic line without accompaniment), polyphonic (simultaneous sounding of two or more melodic lines) or homophonic (one main melody supported by a subordinate one).

FORM is the overall composition.

KINDS OF MUSIC

VOCAL MUSIC is produced by the voices of singers rendered a cappella

INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC is produced by musical instruments without a soloist or group of singers. MIXED MUSIC is a combination of vocal and instrumental music.

ENSEMBLE is music rendered by a group of performers.

Orchestra is the most spectacular because of its large size. It usually performs under a conductor. It is divided into four sections: string, woodwind, brass and percussion

Symphony Orchestra is composed of about 100 players. Instruments are divided into four sections and falls under each of the basic ranges: alto, soprano and bass.

Concerto is where one solo instrument (violin, piano, etc.) is given prominence

BAND consists mainly of wind and percussion instruments. Nowadays the term refers to a small group of performers that include a soloist, drummer, guitarist, keyboardist and bassist.

RONDALLA is usually composed of stringed instruments

CHAMBER ORCHESTRA is larger than a chamber ensemble but smaller than full orchestra

CHAMBER EMSEMBLE is a small group of instrumental players. Musical instruments ranges from one to nine. Can be classified into solo sonata, duo, trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet, nonet.

MEDIUMS

VOCAL MEDIA pertains to male and female voices.

3 Registers of Male Voice: bass, baritone, tenor 3 Registers of Female Voice: alto, mezzo soprano, soprano

Instrumental Media
STRING OR STRINGED INSTRUMENTS have strings which are either pluched or bowed. Plucked strings include guitars, banjos, etc. While bowed strings are violins, cellos, etc.

WIND INSTRUMENTS require wind to produce sound so they are blown. They are classified into woodwind and brass instruments (depending on the materials).
Woodwind instruments include flutes, piccolos, oboes, etc. Brass instruments include trumpets, saxophones, trombones, etc.

PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS are beaten or struck to create music. Examples include drums, cymbals, chimes, xylophones and more.

KEYBOARD INSTRUMENTS have leys which are pressed to produce the desired sounds. They include the piano and the organ.