Professional Documents
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1: Pendahuluan
Sumber: 1. Hamacher. Computer Organization, ed-5. 2. Materi kuliah CS61C/2000 & CS152/1997, UCB.
IKI20210
Mata kuliah ini mengajarkan dasar-dasar organisasi komputer sekuensial, yang terdiri dari komponen-komponen: input, output, memori, dan prosesor (kontrol dan datapath), melalui pemrograman dengan bahasa assembly. Pengantar Sistem Digital Konsep Pemrograman I 3 SKS V. Carl Hamacher, dkk. Computer Organization. Edisi ke-5. McGraw-Hill, 2002. David Patterson & John Hennessy. Computer Organization & Design: The Hardware/Software Interface. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.
Prasyarat:
Bobot:
Buku Acuan:
ADMINISTRASI PERKULIAHAN
Penilaian:
Jadwal Kuliah:
Rabu: 8:00 9:40 WIB Jumat: 8:00 8:50 WIB UTS: 16 April 2003 UAS: 9 - 20 Juni 2003
Jadwal Ujian:
20210
Instruction Set Architecture
Software Hardware
Application S/W
MS Word computer as electronic type-writer MS Excel computer as electronic calculator Compilers computer as translator (source to executable program) Operating Systems computer as machine that executes programs, stores files, prints content of files to printers, communicate with other computers What basic operations can be carried out What, where, and how data can be stored & retrieved in/from memory How can data be exchanged to the outside world The 5 components: Datapath, Control, Memory, Input, Output
System S/W
Instruction Set
Computer H/W
A = 25;
B = 8;
20210 C = A * B;
lds r1, 0x100 lds r2, 0x102 add r1, r2 sts 0x104, r1
byte code
Java Virtual Machine
JVM dapat langsung berhubungan dgn h/w
Operating System
Computer H/W
Computer Processor (active) Control (brain) Datapath (brawn) Memory (passive) Devices Input
Keyboard, Mouse
Disk
(where programs, data live when not running)
Output
Display, Printer
Processor/Memory Bus
PCI Bus
I/O Busses
Inst Cache
Ref MMU
SBus
SBus
DMA
SCSI Ethernet
Bus Interface
SBus Cards
Networks
Konsep-konsep Dasar
Pipeline
GENERASI KOMPUTER
Bahasa Tingkat Tinggi (Fortran, Cobol), Kompilator Transistor I/O & Processor Parallelism 200.000 instruksi/detik Sistem Operasi Small- & Medium-scale Integrated Circuit (IC) Cache & Virtual Memory, Microprogramming, Pipelining, Parallelism 1.000.000 instruksi/detik Large Scale Integrated Circuit (LSI) Microprocessor, PC 10.000.000 instruksi/detik
Trend Teknologi
10000000
Moores Law
1000000
Pentium i80486
Transistors
Alpha 21264: 15 million Pentium Pro: 5.5 million PowerPC 620: 6.9 million Alpha 21164: 9.3 million Sparc Ultra: 5.2 million
i8086 10000 i8080 i4004 1000 1970 1975 1980 1985 Year 1990 1995 2000
1.54X/yr
DEC Alpha 5/500 DEC DEC Alpha 5/300 IBM HP AXP/ SunMIPSMIPS 9000/ DEC Alpha 4/266 500 -4/ M M/ RS/ 750 IBM POWER 100 260 2000 1206000
87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97
1000000000
100000000
10000000
1000000
100000
Bits
10000
Prosessor
2X lebih cepat setiap 1,5 tahun 100X lebih cepat dalam dekade terakhir Kapasitas DRAM: 2x / 2 years Kecepatan Memori: meningkat 10% per tahun Biaya per bit: membaik 25% per tahun Kapasitas meningkat 64X dalam dekade terakhir Kapasitas disk: > 2X setiap 1,0 tahun Biaya per bit: membaik 100% per tahun Kapasitas meningkat 120X dalam dekade terakhir
Memori
Disk
Heart Rate
Speed Altitude
P. Brain
wireless heart monitor strap record 5 measures: speed, time, current distance, elevation and heart rate Every 10 to 60 sec. 8KB data 33 hours Stores information so can be uploaded through a serial port into PC to be analyzed