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IN ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH PROJECT PRESENTATION Submitted by: Noah Olela Abongo Student No: EN-5202S-00121/09 [Heavy Current Option]
Supervised by: Michael J. Saulo & Kenneth Mukhaya 25th February, 2013.
PROJECT TITLE:
THE ADOPTABILITY OF CAPACITOR COUPLED SUBSTATION ON A DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AS OPPOSED TO A DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER
130 kV 40-70 kV
Secondary Distribution 11 kV
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Literature Review Chapter 3 Research Methodology Chapter 4 Research Findings Chapter 5 Recommendations Chapter 6 Conclusion Chapter 7 Work Plan & Budget References / Bibliography Appendices
Chapter 1 - Introduction
The provision of electric energy to many remote and/or rural people and communities is still today a big challenge for many developing countries, Kenya included. It is common knowledge that the provision of electricity, with whichever means, is one of the greatest enablers that allows the utilization of modern labour saving electric products and appliances.
Background Information
The provision of electric services to rural and remote communities in the developing world is a financial challenge.
This project is intended to study the adoptability of supplying electricity to rural communities directly from the high voltage transmission lines.
Identify technologies which may lead to a greater efficiency in the bulk power system distribution using the existing unexploited power system distribution utilization with a view of reducing system losses. Compare the adoptability of capacitor coupled substation as opposed to the currently utilized conventional distribution transformer for the same locality.
Main objectives
Specific objectives
Power Stability considerations. Efficiency and Cost of Power Supply Systems under research.
12
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
3 Transformer 60MVA 3 Power Line and Neutral 11Kv Busbar / CB/ Isolator Earthing Civil works
1 4 X 50Km 1 1 1
13
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Capacitor C1 & C2 Feeder Transformer 250kVA 11Kv Busbar / CB / Isolator Earthing Civil works FSC Inductor
2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Frequency stability
Frequency stability refers to the ability of a power system to maintain steady frequency following a severe system upset resulting in a significant imbalance between generation and load.
Power loss.
Power quality.
Scope 4
Scope 2
+ i + i -
Isa V-I M2
Vabc A Iabc a B b C c A B C a b c + i -
Ipa
A B C + i -
V-I M1
Vabc A Iabc a B b C c
A B
A B
Ipb
Isb
Three-Phase Source
+ i -
Ipc
+ i -
Isc
255.66 V -0.22 255.66 V -120.22 255.66 V 119.78 20343.40 V -0.17 20343.40 V -120.17 20343.40 V 119.83 6.88 A 107.75 6.88 A -12.25 6.88 A -132.25 14.66 A 139.81 14.66 A 19.81 14.66 A -100.19 14.66 A -40.19 14.66 A -160.19 14.66 A 79.81 6.88 A -72.25 6.88 A 167.75 6.88 A 47.75
---> V-I M1/Va ---> V-I M1/Vb ---> V-I M1/Vc ---> V-I M2/Va ---> V-I M2/Vb ---> V-I M2/Vc ---> V-I M1/Ia ---> V-I M1/Ib ---> V-I M1/Ic ---> V-I M2/Ia ---> V-I M2/Ib ---> V-I M2/Ic ---> Ip1 ---> Ip2 ---> Ip3 ---> Isa ---> Isb ---> Isc
Breaker
Pi Section Line
+ - v + i -
VM2
Scope 2
Scope 4
CM2
+ - v
Source Resistance C1
+ - v
VM4
Scope 6
CM3
Scope 1
VM5
+ i -
L2 AC Voltage Source
+ - v
Scope 8
VM3 CM1
+ i Scope 3
Scope 7
+ - v
T1
VM1
Scope 5
C2
Practical Load
SimPowerSystems Software in the Simulink / Matlab environment was used to simulate the Distribution Transformers. The parameter used for the simulation of these two distribution transformers were obtained from the theoretical work on high voltage and power systems analysis units.
Scope a 1
Scope d 1
Scope 0.5 Gain 1 Isubb Scope b 1 Scope e 1 Scope 1 0.5 Gain 2 Isubc Scope c 1
+ i -
+ i -
Ip1
V-I M2
Vabc A Iabc a B b C c A B C a b c
Isa
V-I M1
Vabc A Iabc a B b C c
A B
A B
A B C + i -
+ i -
Ip2
Isb
+ i -
Isc
Ip3
signals
Flux
-KV -> pu
1 s Integrator
-KV --> pu
+ -
VA2
Va
Fourier
Mux
i -
ia
A N B C + i -
ib
+ i -
Breaker 2
ic
Load 10 MW 38 Mvar
Breaker 3
node 992
Analysis of Results Graph 4.11 cont Graph 4.11 Simulated Capacitive Inrush current
Chapter 5 - Recommendations
Effects of power supply disturbances can be reduced to acceptable levels using the following methods: a) The power distribution system should to be resistant to power disturbances and discontinuities. b) The power distribution system must to be compatible with the utilization equipment. c) Both power systems and utilization equipment to meet a criterion that is realistic for both.
Investigations into various causes of the power system instability and their possible mitigations.
The major systematic reasons for the deviations of the capacitance parameters in power distribution system. Investigations into the possible permanent remedial actions to damp or remove the effects of ferroresonance effects.
Chapter 6 Conclusion
Distribution transformers as that installed at Mombasa Polytechnic University College Electrical department may cost as much as Kshs.1,300,000/= as at todays market price.
This clearly explains why rural electrification schemes are usually uneconomical, especially where distribution transformers have been employed due to the high capital and operating costs. Furthermore, the loads are scattered and are characterized by low demand and poor utilization factors.
B
C D E F G H
B C D E F G
6
2 3 3 2 2 4
I J
H I
3 18
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
I
J
Project Budget
NO DESCRIPTION ESTIMATED COST IN KSHS.
1. 2. 3.
Feasibility studies on High Voltage Line Designing / Printing of the Data Collection Tools Cost of Software and Simulation of Data
4.
5. 6.
8,000.00
3,000.00 25,000.00
7.
10,500.00
88,500.00
References / Bibliography
[1] A Research Guide - University of Central England in Birmingham Published by the Research Training Initiative [First Published in 1996] [2] A.N.Zomers (NLD) and G.Dagbjartsson (CHE) The challenge of rural electrification CIGRs strategy and organizational approach. [2006]. [3] C.L. Wadhwa Electrical Power Systems [6th Edition 2010] [4] David A. N. Jacobson, Member, IEEE - Examples of Ferroresonance in a High Voltage Power System. [1990] [5] E. Liu and J. Bebic [2008] National Renewable Energy Laboratory Report NREL/SR-581-42298 Distribution System Voltage Performance Analysis for High-Penetration Photovoltaics [6] Edvard Csanyi Substations Main Functions and Classifications. [2012] [7] Edward R. Ronan, Member, IEEE, Scott D. Sudhoff, Member, IEEE, Steven F. Glover, and Dudley L. Galloway, Member, IEEE A Power Electronic-Based Distribution Transformer. [2002] [8] Government of the Republic of Kenya Vision 2030 Delivery Secretariat Kenya Vision 2030 Chapter 2 Foundations for Socio-Economic Transformation. [2006] [9] Jennifer M. Case and Gregory Light in Emerging Methodologies in Engineering Education Research [2011] [10] L. Pillay Research Manager Research Report No: RES/PR/04/23205 Analysis of Tests Results for the 275 to 22KV Meru Capacitor Coupled Sub-Station [2004] [11] M. Sanaye-Pasand and R. Aghazadeh Capacitive Voltage Substations Ferroresonance Prevention Using Power Electronic Devices. [2003]
[12] Ningbo SanXing Electric Company Limited Available at: www.sanxingenergymeter.com/product.asp [13] P. R. Barnes et al Electric Utility Industry Experience with Geomagnetic Disturbances. [November 1991] [14] Pandey Piyush - Substation Practice [2010] [15] Pant, Gourav A Seminar on Ferroresonance in High Voltage Power Systems [16] Peter Johansen: Substation Monitoring and Control. Available at: www.jomitek.dk. [17] Prabha Kundur, John Paserba, Definition and Classification of Power System Stability, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems. Vol. 19, No. 2, [2004] [18] Siemens Energy Sector Power Engineering Guide Edition 7.0 [19] Swee Peng Ang [2010] Ferroresonance Studies of Transmission Systems. [20] The Point Bulletin of the Institute of Economic Affairs Issue No.56 [April 2003] Available at: http://prr.hec.gov.pk/Chapters/543S-2.pdf [21] Trevor Gaunt (South Africa) et al Paper on the Innovative Solutions and Best Practices for Rural Electrification of Remote Areas. [2007]. [22] Viktor M. Perelmuter, PhD Electrotechnical Systems: Simulation with Simulink and SimPowerSystems [16th October, 2012]
Appendices