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Face Segmentation/Detection Facial Feature extraction Face Recognition Video-based Face Recognition Comparison
Face Segmentation/Detecti on
During the past ten years, considerable progress has been made in multi-face recognition area, includes:
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Example-based learning approach by Sung and Poggio (1994). The neural network approach by Rowley et al. (1998). Support vector machine (SVM) by Osuna et al. (1997).
The image is divided into many possibleoverlapping windows, each window pattern gets classified as either a face or not a face based on a set of local image measurements. For each new pattern to be classified, the system computes a set of different measurements between the new pattern and the canonical face model. A trained classifier identifies the new pattern as a face or not a face.
Kanade et al. first proposed an NNbased approach in 1996. Although NN have received significant attention in many research areas, few applications were successful.
Why?
Its easy to train a neural network with samples which contain faces, but it is much harder to train a neural network with samples which do not. The number of non-face simples are just too large.
Neural network-based filter. A small filter window is used to scan through all portions of the image, and to detect whether a face exists in each window. Merging overlapping detections and arbitration. By setting a small threshold, many false detections can be eliminated.
SVM
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SVM was first proposed in 1997, it can be viewed as a way to train polynomial neural network or radial basic function classifiers. Can improve the accuracy and reduce the computation.
Test results reported in 1997. Using two test sets (155 faces). SVM achieved better detection rate and fewer false alarms.
Recent approaches
Face segmentation/detection area still remain active, for example:
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An integrated SVM approach to multiface detection and recognition was proposed in 2000. A technique of background learning was proposed in August 2002.
Three challenges:
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Low quality Small images Characteristics of face/human objects. Allows Provide much more information. Tracking of face image. Provides continuity, this allows reuse of classification information from high-quality images in processing low-quality images from a video sequence.
Three advantage:
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Object segmentation/detection. Motion structure. The goal of this step is to estimate the 3D depths of points from the image sequence. 3D models for faces. Using a 3D model to match frontal views of the face. Non-rigid motion analysis.
Recent approaches
Most video-based face recognition system has three modules for detection, tracking and recognition.
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An access control system using Radial Basis Function (RBS) network was proposed in 1997. A generic approach based on posterior estimation using sequential Monte Carlo methods was proposed in 2000. A scheme based on streaming face recognition (SFR) was propose in August 2002.
Questions