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electricity are corrosive (acid rain) Acid + base salt + water (neutralization) pH less than 7
HCl - hydrochloric- stomach acid H2SO4- sulfuric acid - car batteries HNO3 - nitric acid - explosives HC2H3O2- acetic acid - vinegar H2CO3-carbonic acid - sodas H3PO4- phosphoric acid - flavorings
Examples of acids:
Vinegar Lemon Juice
Soft Drink
Battery Acid Stomach Acid Apple Juice Black Tea
Bitter to taste Soapy to touch Water soluble bases are called alkalis All alkalis are bases but all bases are not alkalis Turns red litmus to blue, phenolphthalein pink and methyl orange yellow Base + acid salt + water pH is greater than 7
NaOH- sodium hydroxide (LYE) soaps, drain cleaner Mg (OH)2 - magnesium hydroxide-antacids Al(OH)3-aluminum hydroxide-antacids, deodorants NH4OH-ammonium hydroxide- ammonia
Examples of bases:
Detergent Baking Soda
Drain Cleaner
Ammonia Soaps (hand, dish) Antacid
Weak Bases: ammonia; potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate Strong Bases: sodium hydroxide; sodium phosphate; barium hydroxide; calcium hydroxide
Indicator
Acid color
Neutral color
Base color
Phenolphthalein Colorless Faint pink Dark pink Bromthymol blue Litmus Yellow Red Green ----Blue Blue
Robert Boyle discovered litmus paper certain plant extracts(Lichens), such as litmus, can be used to distinguish acids from bases.
the negative logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration of an aqueous solution; used to express acidity.
basicity of a solution.
The pH scale ranges from 1 to 14 1 through 6 being acidic
7 is considered neutral
8 through 14 being basic
indicator
After boiling the red cabbage we will get juice. Pour a small amount of the juice into a small sample of a substance your checking
A salt is a neutral substance produced from the reaction of an acid and a base. Composed of the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base. One of the products of a Neutralization Reaction Examples: Potassium chloride(KCl), Magnesium
Sulphate(MgSO4 ), Sodium phosphate (Na3PO4 )
A neutralization reaction is the reaction of an acid with a base to produce salt and water. Example H2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO4 + H2O
Digestion-process by which foods are broken down into simpler substances. Mechanical digestion-physical process in which food is torn apart (mouth) Chemical digestion- chemical reactions in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules. (stomach and small intestines)
Mouth-pH around 7. Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme which begins to break carbohydrates into sugars. Stomach- pH around 2. Proteins are broken down into amino acids by the enzyme pepsin. Small intestine-pH around 8. Most digestion ends. Small molecules move to bloodstream toward cells that use them