Introduction to Research Methods and Statistics

Dr Nahed Kandeel

Research Methods and Statistics

Hours/week:

2 hours Theory 2 hours Practical Evaluation system:

Final written exam Oral exam Semester work

50 20 30

Total:

100
2

Distribution of marks Final written exam Oral exam Semester work/practical Total

Research methods 25 10 15

Statistics 25 10 15

Total 50 20 30

50

50

100
3

Research Methods
Semester work: A research proposal 10 marks (Written and oral presentation)
Critique of a research paper

5 marks (Written and oral presentation)

Definition of Research
Research A systematic approach and a rigorous method aims to generate new knowledge

What is Nursing Research? A systematic approach to examining phenomena important to nursing and nurses
(Talbot, 1995)

What is Nursing Research? A systematic search for and validation of knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession
(Polit and Hungler, 1999)
7

The Importance of Research to Nursing

It validates nursing as a profession. It provides a scientific basis for nursing

practice.
It demonstrates accountability of the

profession.
8

The Purpose of Nursing Research

To develop a scientifically based body

of knowledge unique to nursing

To answer questions To solve problems To improve the quality of care To advance nursing as a profession
9

Sources of Knowledge for Nursing

Changing the patients position every 2 hours reduces the risk of bed source

Increase the intake of salt may increase the risk of hypertension

10

Sources of knowledge for Nursing

Tradition Authority Experience & trial and error

Logical reasoning
Disciplined research
11

Sources of knowledge for Nursing Tradition

Inherited customs Changing bed sheets every morning Measuring vital signs every 6 hours It interferes with the ability to

perceive alternatives
12

Sources of knowledge for Nursing Authority

People with specialized expertise in

every filed.
Placing the trust in the judgment of

people who have experience and

training on the issue of concern.
13

Sources of knowledge for Nursing

Experience & trial and error
Nurses own experience in clinical area One nurse

can not make generalization

from her own experience.

People have different experiences. Trail and error is haphazard and

unsystematic methods for solving a problem

14

Sources of knowledge for Nursing

Logical reasoning
A

method of knowing combines experience and formal system of thoughts.

15

Logical Reasoning
Inductive reasoning

The process of developing generalization from specific observation

Deductive reasoning

The process of developing specific predictions from general principle

16

Sources of knowledge for Nursing

Disciplined research
Knowledge borrowed from research in

other disciples.

17