This week

Course outline Introduction to the applications of fluid-, thermodynamics, and heat transfer

Goal of this course is to let students

have experimental backgrounds on fluid-, thermo-dynamics, and heat transfer (1) Understanding basic concepts (2) Enhancing analysis ability of experimental data

(3) Obtaining hands-on knowledge

To achieve the goal, this course consists of

Lectures + Demonstration experiments + 2 projects.

In the lectures
Introduction to basic concepts of fluid-, thermo-dynamics, and heat transfer
Introduction to skills on report writing/data analysis/presentation are presented.

In the demonstration experiments

students will see or participate
3 representative experiments including the measurements of specific heat, transient heat transfer, and fluid dynamic parameters.

In the 2 projects
each team will conduct experiments
related to the measurement on temperature, humidity, and flow rate.

Class schedule

Class schedule

This week
Course outline Introduction to the applications of fluid-, thermodynamics, and heat transfer

Thermo-fluidic applications
Examples of energy conversion systems

solar concentrators collect radiant energy from the sun

wind turbines, Tehachapi, California produce electricity

10

Thermo-fluidic applications
Examples of energy conversion systems

Boilers for public utility central power generation can be quite large, as are these natural gasfired units.

11

Thermo-fluidic applications
Examples of energy conversion systems

Steam turbine for power generation.

12

Thermo-fluidic applications
Examples of energy conversion systems

The mechanical cycle of the four stroke spark-ignition engine

13

Thermo-fluidic applications
Examples of cooling systems

A computer chip is housed in a module designed to keep the chip sufficiently cool.
14

Thermo-fluidic applications
Examples of fluid mechanics: drag reduction

drag coefficients
15

Thermo-fluidic applications
Examples of biomedical apparatus

Ventricular assist device Blood pump

16

Thermo-fluidic applications
Examples microfluidic device

Im in!

Gmez-Sjberg et al Anal. Chem. 2007, 79, 8557

17

Case study: Gas chromatography (GC)

Lets see how heat transfer technology is applied to a real world problem!

18

Case study: Gas chromatography (GC)

Column wall

Stationary phase
www.phenomenex.com

Analytes

Column cross-section
Stationary phase
tf = 0.1 - 1 m

Analytes (mobile phase) Carrier gas d = 100 - 250 m

heating

19

2D GC has higher chemical selectivity. However, its modulator is very resource-intensive:

Consumable coolants, 10 kW power consumption
1o column 2o column

Modulator
Gas injector 1o column peaks

Detector

time

2o column peaks time

Typical thermal modulator spec. Heating & cooling rate: > 2800 & -250 oC/s Heating pulse: 100 ms Period: 2-8 sec Temperature range: -60 210 oC

20

Working principle of the microthermal modulator

9 mm

5 mm

13 mm

28 mm

21

The TM design is based on lumped thermal model.

First stage (1st thermal mass) Second stage (2nd thermal mass) Rim (3rd thermal mass)

E1_sys E1TEC E13 E12 E1_conv E1_rad E1_ gen E2_sys E2TEC E23 E21 E2 _conv E2 _rad E2 _gen E3_sys E3TEC E31 E32 E3_conv E3_rad
conduction
convec tion generation

radiation

22

TM was successfully fabricated.

23

We used conventional GC system to test our TM.

Vapor injector Conventional GC systems Relays

Vapor sample

computer
TM module

Power supplies

24

The TM with thin Pyrex cap shows faster thermal response and higher maximum temperature.
A
Temperature / C
o

250
Voltage / V

150 50 -50 0

40 30 20 h = 100 m

B
Temperature // C Temperature C

300

600 900 Time / ms

1200

250
40 Voltage / V

oo

150
30

50
20

h = 40 m

-50 0 300 600 900 Time / ms 1200

25

Heating of the first stage affects the temperature on the second stage (Thermal crosstalk)

150

T max1
1st stage

Temperature / C

100 50 0 -50 0

Tmax2

2nd stage

200

400 600 Time / ms

800

1st stage, Pyrex 40um,100 ms to 1st stage

26