1

Petroleum Engineering 406

Lesson 20
Directional Drilling
(continued)

2
Lesson 17
- Directional Drilling contd

Tool-Face Angle

Ouija Board

Dogleg Severity

Reverse Torque of Mud Motor

Examples

3
Homework:
READ:

Applied Drilling Engineering, Chapter 8

(to page 375)

4
Fig. 8. 30: Graphical Ouija Analysis.
Solution
Tool Face ()

5
Fig. 8. 30: Graphical Ouija Analysis.
Solution
Tool Face ()
Initial Inclination = 16
o
GIVEN:
= 16
o

= 12
o

= 12
o
= ?
o

= ?
o
N
e
w

I
n
c
l
i
n
a
t
i
o
n

-

1
2
o
= 12
o
Over one drilled interval (bit run)

6
Fig. 8.33
Basis of chart
construction is a
trigonometric
relationship
illustrated by two
intersecting
planes

= dogleg angle

7
Problem 1
Determine the new direction (

) for a
whipstock set at 705 m with a tool-face
setting of 45
0
degrees right of high side
for a course length of 10 m.
The inclination is 7
0
and the direction is
N15W. The curve of the whipstock will
cause a total angle change of 3
0
/30 m.

8
Problem 1
= 7
o
(inclination)
= 345
o
(azimuth)
= 45
o
(tool face angle)
L = 10 m (course length)
= 3
o
/ 30 m (dogleg severity)

= ?
o
= 45
o

9
Solution to Problem 1, part 1
I. Use Equation 8.43 to calculate .
The dogleg severity,

o
1
m 30
m 10 3
i
L
) i (
L

10
Solution to Problem 1, part 2
2. Use Equation 8.42 to calculate the
direction change.
New direction =345
0
+5.3
0
= 350.3
0
= N9.7W
+


cos cos tan sin
sin tan
tan arc


45 cos 7 cos 1 tan 7 sin
45 sin 1 tan
tan
1
+

3 . 5 092027 . 0 tan
1

11
Problem 2
Determine where to set the tool face angle,
for a jetting bit to go from a direction of
10
0
to 30
0
and from an inclination of 3
0
to 5
0
.
Also calculate the dogleg severity,
assuming that the trajectory change takes
60 ft.
= 3
= 10
Find
ft 60 L
30
5
N
N

and

12
Solution to Problem 2, part 1
1. Find using Equation 8.53
[ ]
[ ]
o 1
o o o o o 1
N N
1
4097 . 2 999116 . 0 cos
3 cos 5 cos 3 sin 5 sin 20 cos cos
cos cos sin sin cos cos

+
+

13
Solution to Problem 2, part 2
2. Now calculate from equation 8.48.
o 1
15 . 45 7052 . 0 cos

1
]
1

o o
o o o
1
4097 . 2 sin 3 sin
5 cos 4097 . 2 cos 3 cos
cos
1
]
1

sin sin
cos cos cos
cos
N
1

14
Solution to Problem 2, part 3
3. The dogleg severity,

= 4.01
o
/ 100 ft
Alternate solution: Use Ouija Board

100
60
4097 . 2
(i)
L
o

15
Fig. 8.31: Solution to Example 8.6.

16
Problem 3
Determine the dogleg severity following a
jetting run where the inclination was changed
from 4.3
o
to 7.1
o
and the direction from N89E
to S80E over a drilled interval of 85 feet.
1. Solve by calculation.
2. Solve using Ragland diagram
L = 85 ft o
N
o
o
N
o
100 89
7.1 3 . 4


= 7.1 - 4.3 = 2.8. = 100 - 89 = 11

17
Solution to Problem 3, part 1
1. From Equation 8.55
2 / 1
2 2 2 1
2
1 . 7 3 . 4
sin
2
11
sin
2
8 . 2
sin sin 2
1
]
1

,
_

+
+

2 / 1
N
2 2 2 1
2
sin
2
sin
2
sin sin 2
1
]
1

,
_

+
+

= 3.01
o

18
Solution to Problem 3, part 1
1. From Equation 8.43
the dogleg severity,
100
85
01 . 3
(i)
L

feet 100 / 5 . 3
o


19
Solution to Problem 3, part 2
2. Construct line of length (4.3
o
)
Measure angle (11
o
)
Construct line of length
N
(7.1
o
)
Measure length
(Measure angle )
4.3
7.1
11
o
Ragland Diagram

20
Some Equations to Calculate

) cos cos sin sin cos(cos arc
N N
+
N N
sin sin cos sin sin cos cos +
Eq. 8.53
Eq. 8.54

,
_

,
_

,
_

2
sin
2
sin
2
sin sin arc 2
N
2 2 2
Eq. 8.55

21
Overall Angle Change and
Dogleg Severity
Equation 8.51 derived by Lubinski is used
to construct Figure 8.32,
a nomograph for determining
the total angle change and
the dogleg severity, .


22
Fig. 8.32: Chart
for determining
dogleg severity

23
= 11
o
(+

)/2 = 5.7
o

= 2.8
o
= 3
o
= 3.5
o
/100 ft

24
= 11
o
(+

)/2
= 5.7
o

25

= 2.8
o
= 3
o

26
= 3
o
= 3.5
o
/100 ft

27
= 11
o
(+

)/2 = 5.7
o

= 2.8
o
= 3
o
= 3.5
o
/100 ft

28
Problem 4 - Torque and Twist
1.Calculate the total angle change of
3,650 ft. of 4 1/2 inches (3.826 ID)
Grade E 16.60 #/ft drill pipe and 300 ft.
of 7 drill collars (2 13/16 ID) for a bit-
generated torque of 1,000 ft-lbf.
Assume that the motor has the same
properties as the 7 drill collars. Shear
modules of steel, G = 11.5*10
6
psi.
2. What would be the total angle change if
7,300 ft. of drill pipe were
used?

29
Solution to Problem 4
From Equation 8.56,
g drillstrin BHA motor
M
GJ
ML
GJ
ML
GJ
ML

,
_

,
_

,
_

( ) ( )
4 4 4 4 4
in 22 . 19 826 . 3 5 . 4
32
ID OD
32
J Pipe, for

( )
4 4 4
in 6 . 229 813 . 2 7
32
J Collars, for

30
Solution to Problem 4, cont.
[ ]
o
4 4
2
pipe collars
M
2 . 137
rad
deg 180
rad 394 . 2
radians 394 . 2 88 . 278 , 2 68 . 15 001043 . 0
in 22 . 19
in 12 650 , 3
in 6 . 229
in 12 300
in
lbf
10 5 . 11
ft
in
12 lbs . ft 000 , 1
J
L
J
L
G
M

+
1
1
]
1

1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

radians

31
Solution to Problem 4, cont.
If Length of drillpipe = 7,300 ft.,

M
= 0.001043 [15.68+2*2278.88]
= 4.77 radians *
rad
deg 180

o
M
3 . 273
~ 3/4 revolution!
137.2

32
Example 8.10
Design a kickoff for the wellbore in Fig. 8.35.

From Ouija Board, 5.8

, 97

= S48W = 228
o

N
= N53W = 307
o

= 2
o
L = 150 ft
N
= 6
o

= 79
o
Find , and



33
Fig. 8.36: Solution for Example 8.10.
Where to Set the Tool Face
High
Side
Present Direction
High
Side
New
Direction
5.8

97

34
Dogleg Severity
From Equation 8.43
the dogleg severity,
100
150
8 . 5
(i)
L

feet 100 / 87 . 3
o


35
Fig. 8.36:
Solution
for
Example
8.10.
307
o
With jetting bit: 325
o
345
o
228
o

M
= 20
o

36
Fig. 8.36: Solution for Example 8.10.
Where to Set the Tool Face
High
Side
Present
Direction
New
Direction
Tool Face
Setting
Compensating for Reverse
Torque of the Motor
High
Side