NO IMPRECISION & UNCERTAINITY

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION SOFT COMPUTING-DEFINITION PRINCIPLE CONSTITUENTS FUZZY LOGIC NEURAL COMPUTING EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION MACHINE LEARNING PROBABILISTIC REASONING IMPORTANCE OF SOFT COMPUTING GLIMPS INTO THE FUTURE

INTRO
Soft computing is aimed at solving real world problems such as decision making,modeling,control problems . These problems are imprecisely defined and require human intervention. Soft computing has the ability to incorporate human knowledge and to adapt the knowledge basis via optimization techniques. It plays important role in the conception and design of hybrid intelligent system.

What is soft computing?

It is tolerant of imprecision, uncertainty, partial truth, and approximation. The role model for soft computing is the human mind. It is a foundation component for the emerging field of conceptual intelligence.

Neuro-fuzzy system
Based on soft computing techniques Neural networks recognize patterns & adapts themselves to cope with the changing environment. Fuzzy inference system that incorporate human knowledge and performs decision making. These two complementary process results in SOFT COMPUTING.

PRINCIPAL CONSTITUENTS
FUZZY LOGIC NEURAL COMPUTING EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION MACHINE LEARNING PROBABILISTIC REASONING The seamless integration of these methodologies forms the core of soft computing. The synergism allows soft computing to incorporate human knowledge effectively and to adapt to changing environment for better performance.

1.FUZZY LOGIC
Fuzzy logic is a superset of conventional (Boolean) logic that has been extended to handle the concept of partial truth -- truth values between "completely true" and "completely false". It was introduced by Dr. Lotfi Zadeh of UC/Berkeley in the 1960's as a means to model the uncertainty of natural language. Fuzzy set theory provides a systematic calculus to deal with imprecise information linguistically.

LIMITATION
Lacks

the adaptability to deal with changing external environments. Thus we incorporate neural networks in fuzzy system ,resulting in neuro fuzzy modeling.

2.NEURAL NETWORKS

The human brain is a source of natural intelligence and a truly remarkable parallel computer. Nerve cells about ten to the power six times slower than electronic circuit gates ,but human process visual and auditory information much faster than modern computers.

Multiprocessor System
Simple processing elements a high degree of interconnection simple scalar messages adaptive interaction between elements

3.EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION
It

is the general term for several computational techniques which are based to some degree on the evolution of biological life in the natural world. The most widely used form of evolutionary computation are Genetic Algorithms.

4.MACHINE LEARNING

Machine learning refers to a system capable of the autonomous acquisition and integration of knowledge. This capacity to learn from experience, analytical observation, and other means, results in a system that can continuously selfimprove and thereby offer increased efficiency and effectiveness.

3 PHASES OF MACHINE LEARNING

1. Training: correct behaviour is analysed and some representation of the newly learnt knowledge is stored. This is often some form of rules. 2. Validation: the rules are checked and, if necessary, additional training is given. 3. Application: the rules are used in responding to some new situations.

5.PROBABILISTIC REASONING
Probability is the foundation of any intelligence in an uncertain world where you can't know everything. GOOGLE BAYESIAN THEORY:To see the future, one must look at the past APPLICATION-speed recognition

Characteristic of soft computing

HUMAN

EXPERTISE:soft computing utilizes human expertise in the form of fuzzy if-then rules,as well as in conventional knowledge representation,to solve practical problems. BIOLOGICALLY INSPIRED COMPUTING MODELS:Inspired by neural networks.

Contd
NEW OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES:Soft computing applies innovative optimization methods arising from various source,genetic algorithms. NUMERICAL COMPUTATION:Incorporation of symbolic techniques in soft computing is an active research area within this field. NEW APPLICATION DOMAINS:signal processing,adaptive control,non linear system identification,non linear regression & pattern recognition.

IMPORTANCE OF SOFT COMPUTING

A problem can be solved most effectively by using FL, NC, GC and PR in combination rather than exclusively. NEUROFUZZY systems air conditioners and washing machines to photocopiers and camcorders high MIQ (Machine Intelligence Quotient).

A GLIMPS INTO THE FUTURE

important role in science and engineering

paradigm shift in the aims of computing - a shift which reflects the fact that the human mind, unlike present day computers, possesses a remarkable ability to store and process information which is pervasively imprecise, uncertain and lacking in categoricity.

APPLICATIONS
Automotive,Manufacturing systems Image processing and data compression Architecture Decision-support systems Handwriting recognition Power systems Neurofuzzy systems Fuzzy logic control