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HVAC
Objectives
In the following slides, we will study the components of airhandling systems in order to:
1. 2.
3.
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General
Design of HVAC is dependent on required degree of air cleanliness
Suitable components should be selected including:
fans, driers, filters, ducts, grilles, etc.
7.
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Components
Components in HVAC may include, depending on need: Filters Fans
no fan failure; including supply air fans, return air fans, exhaust air fan, dust extract system fans
Driers
Drying of air with chemical driers, e.g. rotating desiccant wheel
7.1.1 7.1.7
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Components
Components in HVAC may include, depending on need:
Snow eliminators
Dust eliminators
Moisture eliminators
Precooling coils
Alarm systems, grilles/diffusers, etc.
7.1.1 7.1.7
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Overview components
Exhaust Air Grille
Silencer
Fan
Filter
Weather louvre
Control damper
+
Prefilter Humidifier
Secondary Filter
Production Room
Heating coil
Recirculated air
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HVAC
Components (1)
Weather louvre Silencer To prevent insects, leaves, dirt and rain from entering To reduce noise caused by air circulation
Flow rate controller Automated adjustment of volume of air (night and day, pressure control) Control damper Fixed adjustment of volume of air
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Components (2)
Heating unit Cooling unit/ dehumidifier Humidifier Filters Ducts To heat the air to the proper temperature To cool the air to the required temperature or to remove moisture from the air To bring the air to the proper humidity, if too low To eliminate particles of predetermined dimensions and/or microorganisms To transport the air
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Air-handling unit
Regeneration air
De-humidification
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Humidifier Silencer Heating and cooling units
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Filter classes
Standard Dust filters Aerosol
Coarse
Dp > 10 m
Fine
10 m > Dp > 1 m
HEPA
Dp < 1 m
ULPA
G1 - G4
EN 779 Standard
F5 - F9
H 11 - 13
EN 1822 Standard
U 14- 17
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HEPA or tertiary filter
Secondary filter
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-3 -4 -5
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Positioning of filters (1)
Production Room
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Positioning of filters (2)
Prefilter
AHU
Main filter
Ceiling exhausts 1 2 3
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Positioning of filters (3)
Final filter
AHU
Prefilter
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1
3 4
1 2 3 4
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Regulation of room pressure pressure differentials concept
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Problems with components
Flow rate controller Control damper Humidifier Cooling battery Filters Ducts Blocked Poorly adjusted, bad pressure differential system Bad water/steam quality/ poor drainage No elimination of condensed water/ poor drainage Incorrect retention rate/damaged/badly installed Inappropriate material/internal insulator leaking
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In the next slides
Consider different air types, e.g.:
Supply air Return air (recirculated air) Fresh air (make-up air) Exhaust air
HVAC
Air types
Supply air
Exhaust air
Production Room
HVAC
Recirculation systems
There should be no risk of contamination and crosscontamination when air is recirculated
Normally, HEPA filters (EN1822 H13) needed in supply air stream
Not required in single product facility with no risk of cross-contamination Not required where no dust generation (e.g. secondary packaging)
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Ventilation with recirculated air + make-up air
Exhaust Unit
Return air
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Full fresh-air systems
100% fresh air - normally where toxic products are processed, and recirculation not recommended
No contamination from fresh air sufficient filtration needed Degree of filtration on exhaust dependent on exhaust air contaminants and environment regulations
Energy-recovery wheels
Should not be source of contamination Relative pressure between supply and exhaust air
7.3.1 7.3.3
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Ventilation with 100% fresh air (no air recirculation)
Exhaust Unit
W
Washer (optional)
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