The Nervous System

Nervous System Divisions

The Nervous System

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System (cranial and spinal nerves)

Brain

Spinal cord

Somatic Nervous System (voluntary)

Autonomic Nervous System (involuntary)

Sympathetic Division

Parasympathetic Division

Activity
Activity 6.1.1 The anatomy of the nervous system Activity 6.1.2 The nervous system Activity 6.1.3 The peripheral nervous system Activity 6.1.4 Organization of the Nervous system tutorial Activity 6.1.5 Organization of the nervous system quiz

The Central Nervous System (CNS)

The Brain
The adult brain is divided into four regions: The 1. Cerebral hemispheres 2. Diencephalon 3. Brainstem, and the 4. Cerebellum.

Memmlers Structure and Function of the Human Body Pg. 168 Fig 9-1

The Cerebrum
Largest part of the brain Two hemispheres separated by longitudinal fissure Elevated ridge gyrus Shallow grove http://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/neuroethics/module4/foun sulcus dationtext/im02.jpg

The Cerebrum

Memmlers structure and Function of the Human Body Pg. 170

Gyri and Sulci

http://homepages.widged.com/mlange/teaching/CNL/helpers/lat eral.gif

The Cerebrum
Contains four major lobes: 1. Frontal lobe 2. Parietal lobe 3. Temporal lobe 4. Occipital lobe

http://www.cranialsubluxations.com/images/labele d_brain.JPG

Functional areas of the Cerebral Cortex

http://neuro.sofiatopia.org/ibrain12.jpg

Activity
Activity 6.2.1 Human anatomy Brain Activity 6.2.2 Regions of the brain Activity 6.2.3 Brain anatomy and functions Activity 6.2.4 Organization of the cerebrum tutorial

The Diencephalon
Located between the cerebrum and the brainstem Contains the:
1. Thalamus relay station where information is sorted 2. Hypothalamus main visceral control center; maintains homeostasis 3. Epithalamus dorsal portion

The Diencephalon

http://academic.kellogg.edu/herbrandsonc/bio201_mckinley/f15-15_diencephalon_c.jpg

Activity
Activity 6.3.1 Anatomy of the Brain Diencephalon Activity 6.3.2 How the body works Thalamus Activity 6.3.3 Anatomy of the hypothalamus Activity 6.3.4 How the body works Hypothalamus

The Brainstem
Contains the:
1. Midbrain 2. Pons 3. Medulla oblongata

http://access.mmhs.ca/docs/Science/MMHS%20 Web%20Folder/Kamla/brainlabel.gif

Conduction pathway Produce programmed behaviors necessary for survival e.g. respiration, heart rate

The Cerebellum
Coordinates smooth skeletal muscle movement Maintains balance and posture

http://health.learninginfo.org/images/cerebellum.png

The Meninges
Protective structure around the brain and spinal cord Contains three layers:
1. Dura mater 2. Arachnoid mater
1. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
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3. Pia mater

The Meninges

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Activity
Activity 6.4.1 Meninges tutorial Activity 6.4.2 Ventricles tutorial Activity 6.4.3 CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) circulation

The Spinal Cord

Links the PNS and the brain (Two-way impulse conduction pathway and relay center) Extends from foramen magnum to L1 31 pairs of nerves
http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTKgLFpDPVTHZoqtNSRp4pzRmGwiE00KG7F6gZtceY6XvG70E&t=1&usg=__m -2Y0EkWYtZ9gMEwAhzMlAMXHUw=

The Spinal Cord

Also protected by meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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The Spinal Cord (c.s.)

Memmlers structure and Function of the Human Body Pg. 155

Activity
Activity 6.5.1 Spinal cord and vertebral column Activity 6.5.2 Spinal cord and spinal nerves pt 1 Activity 6.5.3 Spinal cord anatomy and innervation Activity 6.5.4 Spinal cord tutorials Activity 6.5.5 Spinal cord quiz

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The Spinal Nerves

Supply all parts of the body except
Head and some areas of the neck

Plexus network of nerves

Cervical plexus Brachial plexus Lumbar plexus Sacral plexus

Named according to location

8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal

Two enlargements
Cervical Lumbar

The Spinal Nerves

Memmlers structure and Function of the Human Body Pg. 154

Activity
Activity 6.6.1 Anatomy of a nerve Activity 6.6.2 Naming spinal nerves Activity 6.6.3 Major nerves of the arms and legs tutorial Activity 6.6.4 Spinal cord injury

The Cranial nerves

Oh Once One Takes The Anatomy Final Very Good Vacations Are Heavenly Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal

The Cranial Nerves

http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQeM78q1W-IlcsBtwGPSYJd8Vk9Tq80D7umodjR1RH5AaoZIQ&t=1&usg=__SrNyxoW0AsI7P3a4a2ipFSfI2t4=

The Cranial Nerves

http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS2HNY2AHgpXd54H6fcJUbrsG3o_2K4YU4IUIIepRrqW3yLfM&t=1&usg=___wTfj4943Gl2CULW6E9UBisvZUs

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Activity
Activity 6.7.1 Cranial nerve song Activity 6.7.2 Cranial nerve tutorial Activity 6.7.3 Cranial nerve anatomy quiz Activity 6.7.4 Cranial nerve function quiz

References
Cohen, B. J. and J. J. Taylor (2009). Memmler's Structure and Function of the Human Body. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Marieb, E. N. and K. Hoehn (2010). Human Anatomy and Physiology. San Francisco, Benjamin Cummings. Martini, F. H. (2006). Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology. San Francisco, Benjamin Cummings.

The END