Unit 1- Part 4

INFRASTRUCTURE
MANAGEMENT

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Content
 Selection,Maintenance of Hardware
 Communication Equipment and
Software as per MIS Needs of the
Organization.
 Ensure Uptime of Hardware
Resources
 Database Management
 End User Training
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Infrastructure Management
 The computer industry is undergoing constant change.
 Major vendors of yesterday may not be the major
vendors of tomorrow.
 Information Technology faced being very dynamic,
practically every week new hardware and software are
released in the market.
 These new products in the market offers more and more
sophisticated facilities to the users.
 Sometimes organization thinks that existing
infrastructure for I.T. in adequate to meet the needs of
changing business.
 Procurement of infrastructure such as hardware and
software is a strategic decisions.

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What is Infrastructure Management
?
 IT is the IT business processes that
control the quality, efficiency and
effectiveness of IT services.
 It brings together people,
processes, organization and
technologies to support the
objectives of its customers
business.

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Selection of Hardware
 Because of advancement in technology hardware is
changing very rapidly.
 Similarly changes are constantly being made in the peripheral
devices.
 The computer reliability has increased considerably in the last
decade, installing, repairing and modifying hardware is still
important job.
 Many companies rely on original vendor or outside service
firms.
 Different system configurations are available in different
technologies to satisfy the need of MIS.
 The configurations are the LAN, WAN, Client - Server
systems.
 Each configuration is tested on the basis of the approach to the
information processing.
 The processing can be distributed and centralized.

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Selection of Hardware
 configuration -technical merits and demerits
 compared on some other criteria for its selection.
 Each has a wide cost spectrum resulting due to different
 The MIS specialists play a role of expert in selecting
hardware resource.
 A standard brand which fulfills the criteria is chosen.
 By working with standard hardware, MIS staff can make sure
about the reliable resources.
 The MIS department also takes care of repairing the existing
computers.
 If a computer system breaks down, someone has to identify
the problem and install replacement parts or notify the vendor.
 Hardware devices also need routine maintenance.
 Networks sometimes need to be reorganized as new accounts are
added and deleted almost daily.

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Maintenance of Hardware
 You should follow some common senses precaution to
protect your hardware. Because of a computer attacks
dirt, dust, and smoke particles.
 A smoke particle in large enough to cause hard drive
crash. Use blowers to clean the machines. Do not spray
glass cleaner on the monitor. Instead, spray the glass
cleaner onto a cloth and then wipe the monitor.
 Computer should be opened and cleaned regularly, it
depends upon how well the environment in maintained.
To clean you computer, open the case and clean the
inside by using compressed air and a special vacuum.
 Do not eat or drink near a computer. The crumbs can
find their way into the fan and then into the system.
Spilled liquids can ruin a keyboard or an entire system.

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Ensure Uptime of Hardware
Resources
 One of the most common cause of computer failure is a
battery that needs replacing. Microcomputer store
internally information about devices attached to the
system. This information is maintained by battery
power.
 You should print copies of essential files, such as
autoexec.bat and config.sys and system setup to same
time in case you ever need to recover.
 Electrical system experience both surge and burn outs.
A surge occurs when a large amount of power flows
through the outlet. This occurs when lightning strikes
wearing or when power in restored after a blackout.
Protect your hardware from surge protector.
 If a business requires that a computer system continue
to function even when power fails, a UPS
(Uninterruptible power supply) in needed.

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Selection of Software
 Software selection is more critical than
hardware selection.
 MIS staff can help users in deciding,
software to purchase and install it.
 Commercial software versions change
almost every year.
 Some software requires critical operating
system versions.
 Some software versions are efficient on one
hardware and not on other.

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Selection of Software
 When installing new software the support team
must know, what software is already loaded on
machine.
 Following features are checked before

selecting a software :
a) User Preferences
b) Compatibility
c) Easier Access
d) Easier Training
e) Ease of Maintenance

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Software Maintenance
 System development is complete
when the system is operational,
that is when the system is being used
by users in an actual production
environment.
 A work done to change the system
after it is in operation is considered to
be Maintenance

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Software Maintenance
 Software maintenance activities involve
making enhancements to software
products, adapting products to new
environments and correcting problems.
 It is not uncommon for maintenance to
consume more than 50 percent of the total
life-cycle budget for a software product.
 More expensive phase of SDLC

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Types of Maintenance
 Corrective Maintenance
 Adaptive Maintenance :It is necessary to modify software
to properly interface with a changing environment and
accommodate changes in its external environment
 Preventive Maintenance :preventive maintenance
involves changing some aspect of the system to prevent
failure
 Perfective Maintenance:: During the maintenance of a
system, we examine documents, design, code and test,
looking for opportunities for improvement. Perfective
maintenance involves making changes to improve some
aspect of the system even when the changes are not
suggested by faults.

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Database Maintenance

 Database are most important component of information

system.
 Data is the basic raw material for IS.
 Data has to be represented in specific manner for storage and
manipulation by computer hardware and software.
 A database administrator (DBA) is usually appointed to
manage the databases at the firm.
 The DBA needs to know the technical details of the database
management system (DBMS) and the computer systems.
 The DBA also needs to understand the business operations of
the firm.
 The DBA also schedules backups and recovery and establishes
security controls.

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 The DBMS is a collection of
interrelated files and a set of
programmes through which the users
can access and modify these files.
 There are three types of database
models :
 Hierarchical Database Model (HDBMS)
 Network Database Model (NDBM)
 Relational Database Model (RDMS).

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End user Training
 Effective use of MIS and information technology can
be obtained if end users are trained on new
softwares, machines and infrastructure capabilities.
 This training may be for making users aware of
specific tools designed for their daily work
assignments.
 End user may be a manager or a person on shop
float, they have to be informed about the importance
and significance of using system.
 There are ready made CBT’s (Computer Based
Training). So that users can learn. Many software
packages are designs to make user IT literate.

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