SEA TRANSPORT

CATEGORY
Inland Water Transport Ocean Transport
of cargoes are transported with the help of sea transport

BENEFITS
Bulk cargoes are transported easily Cheapest means of transport All types of goods are transported

FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED WHILE CHOOSING A SEA PORT

Frequency of sailing The depth of the port Direct sailing or Transhipment sailing Actual time spent in for loading &
unloading Inducement sailing

Note.
The ship from deep sea will move through
approach channel put by port authority & turn around in turning circle while one of the two engines will be off. Ship will be put into halt for loading & unloading

TYPES OF SEA PORT

Local small port (Capsule) eg. Gujarat Local large port. Eg. Tuticorin, Mangalore Large regional port. Eg. Chen, Mum, Viz Transhipment ports. Eg Colombo,
Singapore

MAJOR SEA PORTS IN INDIA

Kandla (Fully equipped containerised
berth) Kolkata-Haldia (riverine port) Mumbai (busiest and biggest) Paradip (exports raw iron to Japan) Jawahar Lal Nehru (fastest growing) Vishakjapatnam (deepest & land locked port)

 Marmugao (naval base also) Chennai (oldest and artifical) Mangalore (exports iron-ore) Ennore (most modern-in private hands) Cochin (natural Harbour) Tuticorin (southernmost )

TYPES OF VESSELS

CONTAINER SHIP
APPROX. 60% of the world trade Volume is growing by 9% per year

BREAK BULK SHIP

It is designed to carry cargoes in all
shapes, sizes and weights It takes more time to load & unload It is labour intensive Need more equipments

RORO SHIP (Roll On/Roll Off)

It carry the cargoes that are self propelled
Such as automobiles. It saves time instead of using cranes to load & unload cargoes. The hull opens & act as a ramp & then the cars are driven & parked in the deck. Pure car carrier (PCC)

COIMBINATION SHIP
Ultimate multipurpose ships Combination of RORO, Break bulk &
Containership It also have twin deck. Volume of trade is very less

LASH SHIP (Lighter Abroad Ship)

It is similar to containership Unit of cargo is much larger Average LASH ship are called as LASH
Mother ship

CRUDE CARRIER
Dedicated to the transport of petroleum
products. Largest ship in the world are crude carriers There are VLCC & ULCC Only deepest & largest ports can use the benefits of the crude carrier 279000 DWT to 320000 DWT

VLCC

ULCC

DRY BULK CARRIER

These are used to carry agricultural
products It operates on the same basis of oil tanker They are small (10,000 DWT) Types: Reefer ship, Banana ship etc

GAS CARRIER
It is used to transport LNG & LPG. Very distinctive in shape They will sail under long term contract
called charter party.

TYPES OF SERVICES
LINER- Regular basis TRAMP- Contract basis

UNIT OF SIZE

DEAD WEIGHT TONNAGE- DWT

It is the total capacity of a ship ie,
maximum weight of the cargoes that a vessel carry. It includes bunker & Store. 1 DWT = 2240 lbs

REGISTERED TONNAGE
It is the total volume of the ship,
expressed in cubic feet. It measures the capacity of the ship only below the deck. So it cant determine the cargo carrying capacity. (Tax purpose)

DISPLACEMENT TONNAGE
It is the total weight of the ship when fully
loaded, which is measured by displacement of ship in water. This is done using Plimsoll line

SIZE CATEGORIES
SUEZ MAX SHIP 1,50,000 DWT Max. size that can fit Suez canal. CAPE SIZE 80,000 DWT Bulk carriers

SUEZ MAX SHIP

 VLCC Oil tanker 3,00,000 DWT (350m long & 55m wide) ULCC More than 3,00,000 DWT Largest ULCC is SEA GIANT which is

5,55,000 DWT (415 m long & 63m wide)

NVOCC
It is a type of shipping company. It is regulated by Federal Maritime

Commission. (FMC) They book the space in ship for lower price & sell that to company/CHA/exporter for higher price. LCL problem is solved.

FLAGSHIP
Each vessel should register under a
country & should flies that countries flag Vessels should follow that country rules and regulations. They should pay tax imposed by that country. In the past, flags denotes the destination. Open registry & Flags of Convenience