Presented by

B .B .S Sai Lakshmi IV B.tech CSE

Introduction
Cloud computing is the delivery of computing as a service

rather than a product, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices as a metered service over a network (typically the internet) Cloud computing provides computation, software, data access, and storage resources without requiring cloud users to know the location and other details of the computing infrastructure Cloud computing is location-independent computing, whereby shared servers provide resources, software, and data to computers and other devices on demand. Cloud computing is a natural evolution of the widespread adoption of virtualization, service-oriented architecture and utility computing. Details are abstracted from consumers, who no longer have need for expertise in, or control over, the technology infrastructure "in the cloud" that supports them.

What actually it provides.?

At the foundation of cloud computing is the broader

concept of infrastructure convergence( Converged Infrastructure) and shared services This type of data centre environment allows enterprises to get their applications up and running faster, with easier manageability and less maintenance, and enables IT to more rapidly adjust IT resources (such as servers, storage, and networking) to meet fluctuating and unpredictable business demand cloud computing typically involves over-the-Internet provision of dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources. It is a byproduct and consequence of the ease-of-access to remote computing sites provided by the Internet.

History
The underlying concept of cloud computing dates back to the

1960s, when John McCarthy opined that computation may someday be organized as a public utility According to the Computer Security Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology( NIST), "Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. The actual term "cloud" borrows from telephony in that telecommunications companies. The first scholarly use of the term cloud computing was in a 1997 lecture by Ramnath Chellappa. Amazon played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing their data centers after the dotcom bubble

Derives Characteristics from,

1. Autonomic computing "computer systems

capable of self-management" 2. Clientserver model clientserver computing refers broadly to any distributed application that distinguishes between service providers (servers) and service requesters (clients) 3. Grid computing "a form of distributed computing and parallel computing, whereby a 'super and virtual computer' is composed of a cluster of networked, loosely coupled computers acting in concert to perform very large tasks"

4. Mainframe computer powerful computers used

mainly by large organizations for critical applications, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and financial transaction processing. 5. Utility computing the "packaging of computing resources, such as computation and storage, as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility, such as electricity" 6. Peer-to-peer distributed architecture without the need for central coordination, with participants being at the same time both suppliers and consumers of resources (in contrast to the traditional clientserver model) 7. Service-oriented computing Cloud computing provides services related to computing while, in a reciprocal manner, service-oriented computing consists of the computing techniques that operate on software-asa-service.

Architecture
The systems architecture of the software systems

involved in the delivery of cloud computing, typically involves multiple cloud components communicating with each other over application programming interfaces, usually web services and 3 -tier architecture . This resembles the Unix philosophy of having multiple programs each doing one thing well and working together over universal interfaces.

Front end This includes the clients network (or computer) and the applications used to access the cloud via a user interface such as a web browser.

Back end comprising various computers, servers and data storage devices.

Key features
Agility improves with users' ability to rapidly and

inexpensively re-provision technological infrastructure resources. Application Programming Interface (API) accessibility to software that enables machines to interact with cloud software in the same way the user interface facilitates interaction between humans and computers. Device and location independence enable users to access systems using a web browser regardless of their location or what device they are using (e.g., PC, mobile). As infrastructure is off-site (typically provided by a thirdparty) and accessed via the Internet, users can connect from anywhere.

 Reliability is improved if multiple redundant sites are used,

which makes well designed cloud computing suitable for business continuity . Scalability via dynamic ("on-demand") provisioning of resources on a fine-grained, self-service basis near real-time, without users having to engineer for peak loads. Performance is monitored, and consistent and loosely coupled architectures are constructed using as the system interface.One of the most important new web services methods for overcoming performance bottlenecks for a large class of applications is data parallel programming on a distributed data grid.

Security could improve due to centralization of data, increased security-focused resources, etc.,.Security is often
as good as or better than under traditional systems

 Maintenance of cloud computing applications is easier,

because they do not need to be installed on each user's computer and can be accessed from different places.

Layers
Client: A cloud client consists of computer hardware and/or
computer software. Examples include some computers, phones and other devices, operating systems and browsers.

Applications : cloud application services Network-based access

to, and management of, commercially available (i.e., not custom) software Activities that are managed from central locations rather than at each customer's site, enabling customers to access applications

Platform: Cloud platform services facilitates deployment of

applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers.

Infrastructure: offers utility computing and virtual private

server applications.

Server: The servers layer consists of computer hardware and/or

computer software products that are specifically designed for the delivery of cloud services.

Service models:
Infrastructure as a Service ( IaaS ): In this most basic cloud
service model, cloud providers offer computers as physical or more often as virtual machines , raw (block) storage, firewalls, load balancers, and networks. IaaS providers supply these resources on demand from their large pools installed in data centers.

Platform as a Service ( PaaS): In the PaaS model, cloud

providers deliver a computing platform and/or solution stack typically including operating system, programming language execution environment, database, and web server.

Software as a Service (SaaS): In this model, cloud providers

install and operate application software in the cloud and cloud users access the software from cloud clients.

Deployment models

Pubic cloud Community cloud Hybrid cloud Private cloud

Economics
Cloud computing users avoid capital expenditure (CapEx) on

hardware, software, and services when they pay a provider only for what they use.. Cloud computing is considered to be the next big thing and increasingly Indian IT outsourcers. Cognizant is rolling out an internal cloud platform that will host and test cloud computing applications. Infosys is researching cloud applications and offering consultancy services related to cloud computing. TCS is piloting cloud computing services for both small and medium sized businesses. Tech Mahindra is piloting a cloud computing service framework for a large independent software vendor. Wipro is setting up a public cloud in its data centers and a private cloud for its employees

Conclusion:
organizations are switching from company-owned hardware and software assets to per-use servicebased models" so that the "projected shift to cloud computing ... will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some areas and significant reductions in other areas. This nascent technology will further leads to enormous changes in software industry &may results in technological revolution.

Any queries?