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The current Constitution of the Russian Federation (hereafter the CRF) came into force on 12 December 1993, following its approval by nationwide referendum. It declares that the Russian Federation is a democratic, federal, multi-ethnic republic, based on the rule of law. State power is divided between three separate but equal branches of government the legislature, the executive and the judiciary.
Workers Participation:
Main forms of workers' participation are the following: taking account by the employer of the opinion of the workers representative body in the cases specifically envisaged in the LC or collective agreements; employers consultations with the workers representatives on the matters concerning the adoption of the enterprise level normative regulations; informaing the workers representatives on questions directly affecting workers' interests; discussions with the employer on matters concerning the functioning of the enterprise; participation of the workers representatives in collective bargaining.
Collective Bargaining
According to Articles 36 of the LC, both employers and workers representatives are entitled to initiate collective bargaining. On receipt of a written proposal to start collective bargaining the other party must within seven calendar days enter into the negotiations. In the case of two or more primary trade union organizations existing in the enterprise, they have to set up a joint bargaining representation body on the basis of proportional union membership representation which has to include all primary trade union organizations.
Disputes Settlement
Labour Law of the Russian Federation provides for different settlement procedures depending on whether the dispute is individual or collective. For individual disputes procedural distinctions have been made depending on whether the dispute is over the application of already existing standards governing conditions of work (the so-called dispute of rights) or over the new conditions of work or a change in existing conditions (the so-called interest dispute).