Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr.Y.Josephine yjosephine@nuepa.org
What is Globalisation
The term globalisation means free trade and free movement of all factors of production including labour
The globalisation process in India during the past Ancient period Globalisation Economic factors that led to the country's economic prosperity References available from Jatakas and other texts. Evidences are also based on discovery of Indian articles
The time of Buddha (3rd century B. C.) Indian sailors could go to lands now called Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Laos, Vietnam, Campuchea in the east and Sri Lanka in the South Mauryan policy of friendship with the world
The expansion of India's Globalisation process in the East Asia during Gupta era
(240-495 A.D)
Reasons
Due to low technology
Inability to protect her trading infrastructure from foreign invaders which resulted in plunder and destruction etc.it was disastrous during middle age
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As a Result
1. India near to default in July 1991. a) Widespread Shortage of essential imported Commodities b) Cut Back on Industrial Output c) Inflation d) Unable to pay the maintenance cost
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This resulted in the adoption of completely different types of economic policies in 1991 which are now well known as 'economic reforms'.
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Cut on Education
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Countries Failure 1. Zaire-Africa 2. Mali-Africa 3. Nigeria-Africa 4. Niger-Africa 5. Sierra-Africa 6. Leone-Africa 7. Zambia Africa 8. Peru-South America 9. Madagascar-Africa 10. Bolivia-South America 11. Ethiopia-Africa 12. Mauritina -Africa
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World Experiences
Failures after Globalization 1. Reduced attendance in the School 2. Fees introduced at Primary level 3. Skilled manpower migration(Brain Drain) 4. High opportunity cost Success after Globalization 1. Income increased 2. Resources from other sources increased 3. Rise in human development 4. High Domestic savings. (25% in Education)
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Emerging System
1. Market Approach 2. Mixed and Private Higher Education 3. Private Financing 4. Private: Self Financing Institutions 5. Private Institutions requiring no Government recognition 6. Private: Non-Degree (Diploma/ Certificate) awarding Institutions
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Contd..
Conventional System(Usual) 7. Private: Philanthropy and educational Considerations 8. No Fees 9. Low Levels of Fees 10. No Student Loans 11. Commercially Ineffective Loan Programmes -- no security 12. High default rates Emerging System
7. Private: commercial motives; profit motives 8. Introduction of Fees 9. High Levels of Fees 10.Introduction of Student Loan Programmes 11.Effective/Commercial ly Viable Loan Programmes: security/mortgage 12.Expected high recovery rates
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Contd..
14.Emergence of many Academic Disciplines 15.Emphasis on lifelong Education 16.Increasing pressure on Role of the Heads of Institutions on ethics and accountability
14. SelfFinancing/Commercial ly viable/profitable disciplines of study 15. Open/Distance/PartTime Education
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Hybridization focusing on the content and process of education system of evaluation of the outcomes of learning through moderation standardization, and certification. knowledge-divide, social divide, and an urban-rural divide
The Globetrotters
global level school education providers (like International Baccqualarate -IB, GCSE, Australian school educational system, and the German mode) designing an updated educational edifice already designed and entered to cater to the local Indian educational requirements
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Contd..
6. Demand for new skills, 7. Demand for new knowledge, 8. Demand for new emotional strength 10. Change in the demand in employment global demands for global education
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20%
Unskilled
60%
Professional 20%
1970
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2007
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I.T. & Software India's present share is about 3%. For rapid economic growth and employment generation we need to concentrate on the balance 97% of the Economy & Enterprise and make it world class.
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Graduates of the nations business programs are in high demand among multinational corporations, Those who complete MBA degrees at schools such as starting salaries ranging from $75,000 (USD) at Indian firms to over $200,000 outside the country. This is comparable to graduates of top American business schools such as Harvard, Stanford
Future agenda or Goals for school education Improving Secondary Education in India : Finding Complementarities with International Standards
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1. Prepare younger generation with new knowledge, 2. renewed skills for understanding technical know- how, 3. sharpening competencies necessary for human and economic development 4. Redesigning methodology of educational teaching process,
5. Balancing Vocational and Academic Education6. Emphasizing Knowledge and Cognitive Skills or Behavioral and Life Skills7. Designing Systems for Mass or Selective Education 8. Building Better Curriculum Models
9. Designing integrated and interdisciplinary courses 10. Terminal education to lifelong learning 11. Information-based learning systems to application knowledge 12. learning to analysis and synthesis 13. Memorisation to critical thinking 14. Learning things just in case they may be useful to a time learning system that promotes
16. A directive based system to an initiative based system 17. A highly centralized system to a devolving system 18. Supply driven vocational courses to demandoriented courses
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