SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

BERSAMIN|EBIDO|LUZADA|MATEO

SOLID WASTE
Three general categories
Municipal wastes Industrial wastes Hazardous wastes

MUNICIPAL WASTES
Food wastes or garbage Rubbish: paper, cardboard, plastic, textiles, rubber, leather, wood, glass, cans, metals Ashes and residues Demolition and construction wastes: stone, concrete, brick, lumber, plumbing, heating and electrical parts Special wastes: street sweepings, roadside litter, dead animals, abandoned vehicles, discarded appliances

INDUSTRIAL WASTES
Wastes from industrial activities and typically include rubbish, ashes, demolition and construction wastes, special wastes and non-hazardous wastes

HAZARDOUS WASTES
Wastes that pose a substantial danger immediately or over a period of time to human, plant and animal life They exhibit the following:
Ignitability Corrosive Reactivity Toxicity

TYPES & SOURCES OF SOLID WASTES

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Household wastes Commercial and industrial wastes Farm & agricultural wastes Institutional wastes Miscellaneous and special wastes
- Sludge from water and waste water treatment plants, ash from incinerators, street sweepings, demolition, construction

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL:

1. Pollution of water and food sources. 2. Burning of solid wastes destroys the fertility of the soil. 3. Exposure to smoke and fumes from burning wastes increases risks of developing respiratory diseases. 4. Solid wastes become breeding sites of disease vectors.

IN METRO MANILA, SOURCES OF WASTES ARE:

Households 74.1% Shops 9.4% Markets 7.6% Restaurants 7.5% Institutions 0.8% Street sweepings 0.4% River clean-up 0.14%

 In Metro Manila, 90% of the wastes are collected by municipal collection system of which:
25% are illegally dumped 30% are collected by sanitary landfills 33% are disposed in open dumps 2% is recycled

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Interrelated system of appropriate technologies Generation, collection, storage and processing, transfer and transport, and disposal At the lowest possible cost and risk to health

WASTE HIERARCHY
Ordered sequence of initiatives Used to identify steps in addressing the amount of waste produced by society

FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Waste generation On-site handling, storage and processing Collection Transfer and Transport Processing and Recovery Disposal

SOLID WASTE GENERATION

Act or process of producing wastes Source Reduction reduction before it enters the solid waste stream 3 Rs:
Reduce avoidance of wasteful consumption and minimizing wastes Reuse recovering materials without altering its physical characteristics Recycle transformation into new materials

ON-SITE STORAGE
Requirements:
With fitting covers Sufficient in size or number Made of water-proof material Small enough to be carried easily Accessible to collector, not subject to flooding and located away from food storage

COLLECTION
Important points to consider:
Regular collection Vehicles transporting refuse should be properly covered Route to final destination site should be direct as possible

TRANSFER AND TRANSPORT

Means and facilities used to effect the transfer of wastes from relatively small to larger vehicles and to transport them to processing centers or disposal sites

PROCESSING TECHNIQUES
1. Mechanical volume reduction
Compaction Balling of papers for recycling Used to increase life of landfills

2. Thermal volume reduction

Incineration Generation of toxic air pollutants

3. Manual component separation

Can be accomplished at the source

RESOURCE RECOVERY
Collection, extraction or sorting of recyclable materials from the waste stream Recyclable items are bought by manufacturing plants for processing to produce goods

DISPOSAL
1. Burial in pits and covered with soil; should at least be 25 meters away from any well used for waster supply 2. Open burning 3. Feeding to animals 4. Composting 5. Grinding and disposal sewer garbage grinders attached to kitchen sinks 6. Sanitary landfill

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

MARIKINA CITY

CITY ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT OFFICE (CEMO)

FUNCTION:
Provide environmental sanitation services such as garbage collection, street cleaning, enforcement of ordinances and conduct environmental education and information.

ORDINANCES
Ordinance No. 135, s. 1994 - Improper Disposal. Ordinance No. 073, s. 2002 Anti-Littering Code of Marikina. Ordinance No. 201, s. 2000 Prohibits burning of garbage. Ordinance No. 120, s. 2004 Prohibits Scavengers. Ordinance No. 210, s. 1994 Ordinance No. 046, s. 2002 - Requires segregation of garbage. Ordinance No. 233, s. 2001 impose charges in special garbage collection. Ordinance No. 242, s. 2001 Annual waste Management Seminar to establishment.

SERVICES
Garbage collection and disposal Transfer station Road washing / flushing Waste management lectures / seminars Dismantling of posts / billboards Provision of arm roll containers Special trips

SERVICES
Public announcement through garbage truck Post-disaster rehabilitation Separate Collection of: - Oversized or extra ordinary waste - Yard waste - Construction wastes - Tires & rubber Used cooking oil

SERVICES
Grass cutting Waste Segregation Balik Baterya Program Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)
Includes the solid waste transfer station or sorting station; to ensure the protection of public health and environment and also to encourage resources conservation, recovery and its target on waste reduction , through source reduction and waste minimization measures including composting, recycling, reuse, recovery and others.

SERVICES
Eco-savers program
The program aims to educate children and ultimately gets them to practice the Rs of ecological waste management which are Reduce, Reuse, Repair and Recycle. The City Government believes that one of the better ways of getting this program possible is thru school children.

Buy Back Center

It refers to a recycling center that purchases or otherwise accepts recyclable materials from the public for the purpose of recovering such materials

WASTE SEGREGATION PROGRAM

Segregate Garbage in to two types: Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable. Schedule of Garbage Collection:
Biodegradable / Non-recyclable ---- Green truck Non-biodegradable / Recyclable ---- Pink truck