Optical Transport Network &

Optical Transport Module

"Digital Wrapper"
Maarten Vissers
Consulting Member of Technical Staff
Lucent Technologies
email: mvissers@lucent.com
April 2002
2
April 2002
Contents
OTN Rationale
OTN Layer Networks
Multi level Connection Monitoring
OTM Signals
Maintenance Signals
Mapping Client Signals
Multiplexing
Virtual Concatenation
OTN Standards
3
April 2002
Contents
OTN Rationale
OTN Layer Networks
Multi level Connection
Monitoring
OTM Signals
Maintenance Signals
Mapping Client Signals
Multiplexing
Virtual Concatenation
OTN Standards

OTN Characteristics
Transitional Approaches
Final Phase
O/E/O processing
objectives
Digital processing
objectives
4
April 2002
OTN Characteristics
New transport networking layer (carrier grade solution)
Next step (after SDH/SONET) to support ever growing data
driven needs for bandwidth and emergence of new broadband
services
Terrabit/second per fiber via DWDM lines (transport level)
Gigabit/second paths at 2.5 Gb/s, 10 Gb/s, 40 Gb/s
(networking level)
Service transparency for SDH/SONET, ETHERNET, ATM, IP,
MPLS
No change of SDH/SONET!
One exception; interpretation of STM-LOF alarm + STM-
AIS due to OTN fail
Enhanced OAM & networking functionality for all services
Shortest physical layer stack for data services (IP OTN
Fiber)
5
April 2002
OTN Characteristics
Gigabit level bandwidth granularity required to scale and
manage multi-Terabit networks
Wavelength level switching maximizes nodal switching capacity,
the gating factor for reconfigurable network capacity
Avoids very large numbers of fine granularity pipes that stress
network planning, administration, survivability, and management
6
April 2002
Transitional Approaches - Assessment
Extended SDH (attempt at creating a new layer using SDH
elements)
Bandwidth multiplication by means of TDM more Gigabit/s on
fiber (4x)
Proprietary approaches attempting to carry lower rate STM-N
[including all overhead] as a service within a higher rate STM-M
(M>N)
strongly limited: SDH multiplexing hierarchy not designed to carry
the STM-N (i.e. itself) as a service
No timing transparency
90% of STM-N/OC-N overhead bytes not passed through
No STM-N/OC-N independent monitoring
Multiple proprietary implementations created in industry
no interworking
7
April 2002
Transitional Approaches - Assessment
Pre-OTN WDM (simple transport - vs. networking - solution)
Bandwidth multiplication by means of WDM Terabit/s on fiber
(100x)
Client signal (e.g. STM-N, GbE) direct on wavelength
simple transport, no monitoring
or client specific non-intrusive monitoring
per client type a monitor is needed
additional client type implies additional monitor to be
added
alarm suppression signal (e.g. AIS) specific per client type
additional client type implies additional alarm suppression
signal to be added
Point-to-point application that can transport STM-N/OC-N as a
service
8
April 2002
Final Phase
OTN (networking solution)
Management enabler of WDM network by means of addition of:
Overhead to "" and "multi-" signals
"non-associated" or "out-of-channel" overhead; e.g.
preventing alarm storms
Optical Channel (OCh) layer
STM-N, IP, ATM and Ethernet signals mapped
("wrapped") into OCh frame (OCh Data Unit (ODUk))
First transmission technology in which each stakeholder gets its
own (ODUk) connection monitoring
In addition ODUk supports/provides:
STM-N independent monitoring, becoming a service signal "itself",
shortest physical layer stack for data services, TDM muxing, STM-
N inverse multiplexing, client independent protection switching,
plesiochronous timing (no sync network required)
9
April 2002
O/E/O Objectives
Minimise O/E/O processing in OTN
O/E/O processing at edges of administrative/vendor
(sub)domains
Span engineering
O/E/O processing at edges of protected or switched domain
Span engineering (short/long route effects)
Signal Fail & Signal Degrade condition determination
If more than 1 optical transparent subnetwork is included
O/E/O processing at intermediate points
Span engineering (long line sections)
Losses in optical fabrics
O/E & E/O processing around electrical fabric
10
April 2002
Digital Processing Objectives
Digital processing at locations where O/E/O is already
performed
Fault and degradation detection
Service Level Agreement (SLA) verification
Signal Fail & Signal Degrade condition determination for
protection and restoration (e.g. if high accuracy is required)
11
April 2002
Contents
OTN Rationale
OTN Layer Networks
Multi level Connection
Monitoring
OTM Signals
Maintenance Signals
Mapping Client Signals
Multiplexing
Virtual Concatenation
OTN Standards

Layer Networks
Client Signals
Optical Channel Structure
Containment Relationships
Example of Layer Network
Trails
OTN Interfaces
Standardised and
"Proprietary" Stacks
12
April 2002
OTN Layer Networks & Client Signals
Three new layer
networks:
one "Gbit/s" path
layer
OCh
two section
layers
OMSn
OTSn
single channel
section layer:
OPS0
Client signals:
IP/MPLS
ATM
Ethernet
STM-N
Optical Multiplex Section (OMSn)
layer network
Optical Transmission Section (OTSn)
layer network
Optical Transport Module of order n
(OTM-n, n>1)
IP/MPLS ATM ETHERNET STM-N
OTM
Physical
Section
(OPSn)
OTM-0
OTM-nr, n>1
STM-N
GbE
Interworking
with pre-OTN
Optical Channel (OCh)
layer network
13
April 2002
Optical Channel Structure
Optical Channel layer
network consists of 3+1
structures:
Digital:
OCh Data Unit
(ODUk)
OCh Payload Unit
(OPUk, k=1,2,3)
OCh Transport
Unit (OTUk,
OTUkV)
Analogue: OCh
Optical Channel Data Unit (ODUk)
OPUm (m>k)
ODUm (m>k)
ODUk CF
T
D
M

Multiplexing (TDM)
ODUk multiplexing
ODUk virtual
concatenation
CF: Connection Function
Optical Channel Transport Unit
(OTUk, OTUkV)
Optical Channel (OCh)
OCh CF
S
T
M
-
N

G
b
E

IP ATM ETHERNET STM-N
Optical Channel Payload Unit
(OPUk)
14
April 2002
Optical Transport Module
OTUk Optical Channel (OCh)
Optical Channel Carrier (OCC) OCC OCC OCC
Client
ODUk FEC OH
OCh Transport Unit (OTUk)
OPUk OH OCh Data Unit (ODUk)
Client OH OCh Payload Unit (OPUk)
W
r
a
p
p
e
r

A
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d


o
v
e
r
h
e
a
d

OTN Containment Relationships
OPS0
Optical Physical Section
OTM Overhead Signal
Optical Supervisory Channel
OSC
OOS
OSC
OH
OH
OH
N
o
n
-
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d


o
v
e
r
h
e
a
d

Optical Multiplex Section
Optical Transmission Section
15
April 2002
OTN Layer Network Trails
Example of OTSn, OMSn, OCh, OTUk, ODUk, OPS0 trails
Transport of STM-N signal via OTM-0, OTM-n and STM-N lines
DXC
3R
3R
3R
OTSn OTSn OTSn OTSn OTSn
OMSn OMSn OMSn
STM-N
ODU k
Client
Client
3R
DXC
OPS0 OSn
O
T
M
-
0

O
T
M
-
n

S
T
M
-
N

ODXC
OCADM LT R R LT
LT Line Terminal w/ optical channel multiplexing
OCADM Optical Channel Add/Drop Multiplexer
ODXC ODU Cross-Connect
3R O/E/O w/ Reamplification, Reshaping & Retiming and monitoring
R Repeater
OCh, OTU k OCh, OTU k
OCh, OTUk
16
April 2002
OTN Interfaces
User to Network Interface (UNI)
Network Node Interface (NNI)
Inter Domain Interface (IrDI)
Intra Domain Interface (IaDI)
between equipment of different vendors (IrVI)
within subnetwork of one vendor (IaVI)
OTM
UNI
OTM NNI
IaDI-IrVI
OTM NNI
IaDI-IaVI
OTM NNI
IaDI-IaVI
Network Operator B
Vendor X Vendor Y
OTM
NNI
IrDI
Network
Operator
C
USER
A
17
April 2002
OMSn
OTSn
OTM-n.m
Full
functionality
OCh
OTUkV OTUkV
used within OTN transparent
subnetworks; implementations
are very much technology dependent
OTUk
ODUk
Clients (e.g. STM-N, ATM, IP, Ethernet)
OPUk
ODUkP
ODUkT
OPSn
OTM-0.m
OTM-nr.m
Reduced
functionality
OChr
O
C
h

s
u
b
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e

OTUk
used between (and within) OTN
transparent subnetworks
Standardised & "Proprietary" stacks
Proprietary elements:
OTM-n.m
optical parameters
number of
wavelengths
bit rates of
wavelengths
supervisory
channel
OTUkV
FEC
frame format
ODUk mapping

18
April 2002
Contents
OTN Rationale
OTN Layer Networks
Multi level Connection
Monitoring
OTM Signals
Maintenance Signals
Mapping Client Signals
Multiplexing
Virtual Concatenation
OTN Standards

Application
Nesting
Overlapping
19
April 2002
Multi-level Connection Monitoring:
Applications
NO A
NO B
NO C
USR1
USR2
ODUk
ODUk
Path CM
Verify QoS CM
UNI-UNI CM
NNI-NNI CM
Working
Protection
W/P CM
Client
Signal
Client
Signal
QoS of client signal transport is monitored by User QoS of provided leased circuit is monitored by Service Provider QoS of provided leased circuit is monitored by Network Operator QoS provided by leased circuit is monitored by User
Status of working [protection] connection is monitored for
SF and SD switch conditions
ODUk switched circuit: UNI-UNI CM
to initiate "connection re-establishment"
20
April 2002
Multi-level Connection Monitoring:
Nesting
A1 B1 C1 C2 B2 B3 B4 A2
A1 - A2
B1 - B2
C1 - C2
B3 - B4
TCM1 TCM1
TCM2
TCM1
TCM2
TCM3
TCM1
TCM2
TCM1 TCM1
TCM2
TCM1
TCM2
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCMi
TCM OH field not in use
TCMi
TCM OH field in use
TCM2
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCM2
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
21
April 2002
Multi-level Connection Monitoring:
Nesting and Overlapping
A1 B1 C1 C2 B2 A2
A1 - A2
B1 - B2
C1 - C2
TCM1 TCM1
TCM2
TCM1
TCM2
TCM3
TCM1
TCM2
TCM1
TCMi
TCM OH field not in use
TCMi
TCM OH field in use
TCM2
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCM2
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
22
April 2002
Contents
OTN Rationale
OTN Layer Networks
Multi level Connection
Monitoring
OTM Signals
Maintenance Signals
Mapping Client Signals
Multiplexing
Virtual Concatenation
OTN Standards

OTM Interface Signals
OTM-16r.m
OTM-0.m
OTM-n.m
OTM Signals versus OTN I/F
OTM Overhead Signal
Frame Formats
OTUk, ODUk
Overhead
OTUk, ODUk
OTUkV
Overhead versus OTN I/F
23
April 2002
OTM-16r.m Signal (m=1,2,3,12,23,123)
Up to 16 wavelengths carrying traffic, with fixed 200 GHz grid
independent of bit rate (2G5, 10G, 40G)
Optical parameters according to ITU-T Recommendation G.959.1
Bit rate and format of the associated overhead according to ITU-T
Recommendation G.709
No Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC)
non-associated overhead not required; i.e. 3R points at each end, no
repeaters
O
T
M
-
1
6
r
.
m

16

5
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fr am
e Alignment ,
OTUk, ODUk & OPUk
Overhead Payload
(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC
(4 x 256 bytes)
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fr am
e Alignment ,
OTUk, ODUk & OPUk
Overhead Payload
(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC
(4 x 256 bytes)
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fr am
e Alignment ,
OTUk, ODUk & OPUk
Overhead Payload
(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC
(4 x 256 bytes)
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fr am
e Alignment ,
OTUk, ODUk & OPUk
Overhead Payload
(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC
(4 x 256 bytes)
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fr am
e Alignment
OTUk, ODUk & OPUk
Overhead Payload
(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC
(4 x 256 bytes)
24
April 2002
OTM-0.m Signal (m=1,2,3)
Single channel signal ("colourless": 1310 or 1550 nm)
Optical parameters according to ITU-T Recommendation
G.959.1
Bit rate and format of the associated overhead according to ITU-
T Recommendation G.709
No Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC)
non-associated overhead not required; i.e. 3R points at each end, no
repeaters
O
T
M
-
0
.
m
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Payload
(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC
(4 x 256 bytes)
Fram
e Alignment ,
OTUk, ODUk & OPUk
Overhead
25
April 2002
OTM-n.m Signal (m=1,2,3,12,23,123)
Up to "n" wavelengths carrying traffic, with a grid dependent on
bit rate
1 "out-of-band" Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC) transporting
the OTM Overhead Signal (OOS)
OTM Overhead Signal transports OTS, OMS, OCh (non-
associated) overhead and General management communications
O
T
M
-
n
.
m
OTM Overhead Signal (OOS)

OSC
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fr am
e Alignment ,
OTUk, ODUk & OPUk
Overhead Payload
(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC
(4 x 256 bytes)
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fr am
e Alignment ,
OTUk, ODUk & OPUk
Overhead Payload
(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC
(4 x 256 bytes)
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fr am
e Alignment ,
OTUk, ODUk & OPUk
Overhead Payload
(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC
(4 x 256 bytes)
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fr am
e Alignment ,
OTUk, ODUk & OPUk
Overhead Payload
(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC
(4 x 256 bytes)
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fr am
e Alignment
OTUk, ODUk & OPUk
Overhead Payload
(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC
(4 x 256 bytes)

3

26
April 2002
OTM Signals versus OTN Interfaces
OTM-n.m OTM-16r.m OTM-0.m
UNI - X
(Note 1,2)
X
(Note 1,2)
IrDI - X
(Note 1,3)
X
(Note 1,3)
IrVI - X
(Note 1,4)
X
(Note 1,4)
NNI
IaDI
IaVI X X X
Note 1 - These interfaces require an OTUk to be present.
Note 2 - A restricted set of ODUk overhead is transparently transported through the network. This is
subject of regulations.
Note 3 - A restricted set of ODUk overhead is transparently transported through the network(s) of
the downstream operator(s). This is subject of regulations.
Note 4 - A restricted set of ODUk overhead is transparently transported through the downstream
subnetwork(s) with equipment of (an)other vendor(s).
Note 5 - Other OTM interfaces may be added in future versions of G.709.
27
April 2002
OTM Overhead Signal (OOS)
Non-associated overhead
BDI: Backward Defect Indication
FDI-O: Forward Defect Indication - Overhead
FDI-P: Forward Defect Indication - Payload
OCI: Open Connection Indication
PMI: Payload Missing Indication
TTI: Trail Trace Identifier
OOS functions subject to standardization
OOS bit rate & format not standardized
N
o
n
-
A
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d


o
v
e
r
h
e
a
d

O
T
S
n

n
3
2
O
C
h

1
General Management Communications
Vendor
Specific
O
M
S
n

FDI-O
FDI-P
OCI
OCh OH extensions may be
expected in future to support e.g.
OCh protection (e.g. OCh SPring)
BDI-O
BDI-P
PMI
FDI-P
FDI-O
BDI-O
BDI-P
PMI
TTI
28
April 2002
OTUk and ODUk frame formats (k=1,2,3)
3
8
2
5

4
0
8
0

1

7

8

1
4

1
5

1
6

1
7

3
8
2
4

1
2
3
4
OPU k Payload
O
P
U
k

O
H

OPUk - Optical Channel Payload Unit
ODUk
ODUk - Optical Channel Data Unit
Client Signal
mapped in
OPUk Payload
Client Signal
OTUk
FEC
OTUk
OH
OTUk - Optical Channel Transport Unit
Alignm
Alignment
k indicates the order:
1 2.5G
2 10G
3 40G
O
T
U
k

b
i
t

r
a
t
e
:

2
5
5
/
(
2
3
9
-
k
)

*

"
S
T
M
-
N
"

O
D
U
k

b
i
t

r
a
t
e
:

2
3
9
/
(
2
3
9
-
k
)

*

"
S
T
M
-
N
"

29
April 2002
OTUk and ODUk Overhead (k=1,2,3)
Associated overhead
Alignm
OPU k Payload
O
P
U
k

O
H

ODUk
OTUk
OH
1
2
3
4
1 16
Row
Column
7 8
FRAME ALIGNMENT OVERHEAD AREA OTUk SPECIFIC OVERHEAD AREA
ODUk SPECIFIC OVERHEAD AREA
14 15
O
P
U
k

S
P
E
C
I
F
I
C
O
V
E
R
H
E
A
D
A
R
E
A
PSI
EXP
TCM
ACT
TCM5 TCM4
TCM3 TCM2 TCM1
TCM6
GCC1 GCC2
FTFL
PM
RES
RES APS/PCC
SM RES GCC0 FAS MFAS
0 1 10 9 127
Fault
Indication
Field
Operator
Identifier
Operator Specific
128 129 138 137 255
Fault
Indication
Field
Operator
Identifier
Operator Specific
Forward Backward
FTFL
Mapping
& Concat
Specific
Mapping
& Concat
Specific
255
0
1
PT
TTI BIP-8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3
P
M

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BEI
B
D
I

STAT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 15
Source Access
Point Identifier
32 63
Operator Specific
16 31
Destination Access
Point Identifier
TTI
T
C
M
i

STAT TTI BIP-8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BEI/BIAE
B
D
I

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
RES
I
A
E T
C
M
i
TTI BIP-8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BEI/BIAE
B
D
I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
MFAS: MultiFrame Alignment Signal
PCC: Protection Communication Control channel
PM: Path Monitoring
PSI: Payload Structure Identifier
RES: Reserved for future international
standardisation
SM: Section Monitoring
TCM: Tandem Connection Monitoring
ACT: Activation/deactivation control channel
APS: Automatic Protection Swiching
coordination channel
EXP: Experimental
FAS: Frame Alignment Signal
FTFL: Fault Type & Fault Location
reporting channel
GCC: General Communication Channel

JC
JC
JC
NJO PJO
RES
RES
RES
30
April 2002
OTUkV (k=1,2,3)
Frame format is vendor specific
Forward Error Correction code is vendor specific
Minimum overhead set to support is:
Trail Trace Identifier
Error Detection Code (e.g. BIP)
Backward Defect Indicator
Backward Error Indicator
(Backward) Incoming Alignment Error
Other overhead is vendor specific
ODUk mapping into OTUkV is vendor specific
31
April 2002
Overhead versus OTN Interfaces
OTM Interface Ports on IP Router, ATM Switch,
Ethernet Switch and SDH equipment should support
the following minimum set of overhead
OPUk Client Specific
OPUk Payload Structure Identifier (PSI)
ODUk Path Monitoring (PM)
OTUk Section Monitoring (SM)
Frame Alignment (FAS, MFAS)
1
2
3
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
FAS MFAS
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
PM
PSI
SM
O
P
U
k
P
a
y
l
o
a
d
O
T
U
k

F
E
C
all-0's pattern
Client
Specific
32
April 2002
Overhead versus OTN Interfaces
Overhead passed through network
OTM UNI to OTM UNI
OTM NNI IrDI to OTM NNI IrDI
OTM
UNI
USER
A
Network
Operator
K
OTM
NNI IrDI
Network
Operator
L
OTM
NNI IrDI
Network
Operator
M
OTM
UNI
User
Z
33
April 2002
Overhead versus OTN Interfaces
Overhead passed through network from OTM UNI to
OTM UNI interface
OPUk PSI, Client Specific
ODUk PM, TCM ACT, TCM1..TCMn, TCM ACT, RES
ODUk GCC1, GCC2 according contract
ODUk APS/PCC definition is under study

1
2
3
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
FAS MFAS
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
PM
PSI
SM
O
P
U
k
P
a
y
l
o
a
d
O
T
U
k

F
E
C
based on regulations and contract
TCM1..TCMn are passed through,
TCMn+1..TCM6 may be overwritten
Client
Specific
GCC1 GCC2
RES
TCM
ACT
FTFL
GCC0 RES
EXP
APS/PCC RES
passed through terminated and re-inserted
TCM6 TCM5 TCM4
TCM3 TCM2 TCM1
definition is under study
based on contract may be overwritten in network
34
April 2002
Overhead versus OTN Interfaces
Overhead passed through network from OTM NNI IrDI
to OTM NNI IrDI interface
OPUk PSI, Client Specific
ODUk PM, TCM ACT, TCM1..TCMm, TCM ACT, FTFL, RES
"m" in TCMm > "n" in TCMn (UNI-UNI)
ODUk GCC1, GCC2 according contract
ODUk APS/PCC definition is under study

based on regulations and contract
TCM1..TCMm are passed through,
TCMm+1..TCM6 may be overwritten
1
2
3
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
FAS MFAS
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
PM
PSI
SM
O
P
U
k
P
a
y
l
o
a
d
O
T
U
k

F
E
C
Client
Specific
GCC1 GCC2
RES
TCM
ACT
FTFL
GCC0 RES
EXP
APS/PCC RES
passed through terminated and re-inserted
TCM6 TCM5 TCM4
TCM3 TCM2 TCM1
definition is under study
based on contract may be overwritten in network
35
April 2002
Contents
OTN Rationale
OTN Layer Networks
Multi level Connection
Monitoring
OTM Signals
Maintenance Signals
Mapping Client Signals
Multiplexing
Virtual Concatenation
OTN Standards

Forward Defect Indication
(FDI, AIS)
Backward Defect & Error
Indication (BDI, BEI)
Open Connection
Indication (OCI)
Locked (LCK)
Fault Type & Fault Location
(FTFL)
36
April 2002
OTN Maintenance Signals:
Alarm Suppression
R
R
R
R
R
1000

/fiber
x 96 fibers/cable
x 5 cables/duct
= 500k lost signals
==> 500k LOS alarms in network
OMS-FDI
use of OTN maintenance
signals FDI, AIS and PMI will
reduce number of alarms
from 500k to 1 per broken fiber
3R
at 3R point OCh-FDI
is converted into
ODUk-AIS
OTS-PMI OTS-PMI
use of OTN maintenance
signal OTS-PMI (and OMS-PMI)
will prevent OTS [OMS] LOS alarm
when none of

s is present OCh-FDI
OCh-FDI
OCh-FDI
OCh-FDI
at line termination point
OMS-FDI is converted
into OCH-FDI
37
April 2002
OTN Maintenance Signals:
Alarm Suppression (FDI, AIS)
OMSn
O
C
h
OTSn
O
M
S
n
-
F
D
I
O
C
h
-
F
D
I
O
C
h
O
C
h
-
F
D
I
O
C
h
O
C
h
-
F
D
I
O
C
h
O
C
h
-
F
D
I
O
C
h
O
C
h
-
F
D
I
O
C
h
O
C
h
-
F
D
I
O
T
U
k
O
T
U
k
-
A
I
S
O
D
U
k
O
D
U
k
-
A
I
S
F
u
t
u
r
e

s
e
r
v
e
r

l
a
y
e
r
C
B
R
(
S
T
M
-
N
)
g
e
n
-
A
I
S A
T
M
V
P
-
A
I
S
I
P
?
M
P
L
S
M
P
L
S
-
F
D
I
E
t
h
e
r
n
e
t
?
OMSn-PMI
OTSn-PMI
O
D
U
k
-
A
I
S
AIS/FDI at
clients
AIS at
ODUk
AIS at
OTUk
FDI at
OCh
FDI/PMI at
OMSn
PMI at
OTSn
38
April 2002
OTN Maintenance Signals:
Alarm Suppression (FDI, AIS)
Generated at egress of OMSn, OCh and ODUk Link
Connections
Inserted on detection of Signal Fail
OMSn-FDI and OCh-FDI
is non-associated overhead
ODUk-AIS
is special ODUk signal pattern (0xFF)
1
2
3
4
1 17 3824
All-1's pattern
8 7 14
F
T
F
L
FA OH OTUk OH
S
T
A
T
S
T
A
T
S
T
A
T
S
T
A
T
S
T
A
T
S
T
A
T
S
T
A
T
39
April 2002
Generic-AIS [STM-AIS]
New maintenance signal @ STM-N level
a continuous repeating 2047-bit PN-11 (1 + x
9
+ x
11
) sequence
Generated in OTN tributary ports
ingress trib: on detection of STM-N LOS
egress trib: on detection of ODUk signal fail type defect
To be detected in SDH line/trib ports in addition to STM-LOF as
"STM-AIS"
In existing equipment detected as STM-LOF :
SDH
OTN
with SDH trib
OTN
with SDH trib SDH
STM-N
STM-N
OTM-n
OTM-n
LOS
ODUk
ODUk
gen.
AIS
framer
STM
dAIS
OOF/IF
descr
gen.
AIS
STM-N
STM-N
LOS
ODUk
ODUk
gen.
AIS
framer
STM
dAIS
OOF/IF
descr
gen.
AIS STM
dLOF
STM
dLOF
detection
insertion
40
April 2002
OTN Maintenance Signals:
Backward Information (BDI, BEI)
RDI/REI at
Clients
BDI/BEI at
ODUk
OTUk

No BI at
OCh

BDI at
OTSn
OMSn
OMSn
O
C
h
OTSn
O
C
h
O
C
h
O
C
h
O
C
h
O
C
h
O
T
U
k
O
D
U
k
F
u
t
u
r
e

s
e
r
v
e
r

l
a
y
e
r
C
B
R
(
S
T
M
-
N
)
A
T
M
I
P
M
P
L
S
E
t
h
e
r
n
e
t
OMSn-BDI-P
OMSn-BDI-O
OTSn-BDI-P
OTSn-BDI-O
OTUk-BDI
OTUk-BEI
ODUk-BDI
ODUk-BEI
RDI
REI
RDI
REI
? BDI ?
41
April 2002
OTN Maintenance Signals:
Open Connection Indication (OCI)
Generated in a Fabric
Inserted when output port is not connected to input
port
OCh-OCI
is non-associated overhead
ODUk-OCI
special ODUk signal pattern (0x66)

1
2
3
4
1 17 3824
Repeating "0110 0110" pattern
FA OH
8 7
OTUk OH
14
S
T
A
T
S
T
A
T
S
T
A
T
S
T
A
T
S
T
A
T
S
T
A
T
S
T
A
T
42
April 2002
OTN Maintenance Signals:
Locked (LCK)
Generated in ODUk Tandem Connection endpoint
Inserted when Administrative State is Locked
to block a user to access the connection
to prevent test patterns within the network entering a user
domain
ODUk-LCK
special ODUk signal pattern (0x55)

1
2
3
4
1 17 3824
Repeating "0101 0101" pattern
FA OH
8 7
OTUk OH
14
S
T
A
T
S
T
A
T
S
T
A
T
S
T
A
T
S
T
A
T
S
T
A
T
S
T
A
T
43
April 2002
Fault Type & Fault Location (FTFL)
Helps Service Provider to automatically locate fault/degradation to
specific Network Operator domain
No need to call around any longer
Section and Tandem Connection endpoints insert FTFL in forward
direction on detection of SF or SD condition
Specific FTFL function at UNI
extracts forward info and sends it in opposite direction as backward info
filters outgoing and incoming FTFL information (security issue)
Specific FTFL extraction function
reads FTFL forward and backward information at intermediate point along
connection

CPE1
NO C
NO A
NO B
NO D
CUSTOMER
B:X A:X SP:X
X:A X:SP
I
r
D
I
I
r
D
I
I
r
D
I
I
r
D
I
I
r
D
I
I
r
D
I
B:X
OTUk Section Termination ODUk Tandem Connection Termination ODUk Path Termination ODUk UNI Tandem Connection Termination Equipment
44
April 2002
Contents
OTN Rationale
OTN Layer Networks
Multi level Connection
Monitoring
OTM Signals
Maintenance Signals
Mapping Client Signals
Multiplexing
Virtual Concatenation
OTN Standards

CBR (e.g. STM-N)
IP, ETHERNET
ATM
Test Signals
Bit stream with/without
octet timing
Bit Rate Agnostic CBR
45
April 2002
Mapping STM-N (N=16,64,256)
G.709 provides
two mappings for
STM-N signals
bit synchronous
asynchronous
G.709 defines
interworking
between both
mappings
common
demapper, and
bit synchronous
mapping has
fixed
Justification
Control (JC)
1
7
1
8
3
8
2
4
1
2
3
4
P
J
O
N
J
O
J
C
D D D
3805D
D D D
3805D
D D D
3805D
D D
3805D
J
C
J
C
P
S
I
R
E
S
R
E
S
R
E
S
1
5
1
6
1
7
P
J
O
3
8
2
4
1
9
0
5
1
9
0
4
1
9
2
0
1
9
2
1
118 x 16D 119 x 16D
119 x 16D
119 x 16D
119 x 16D
1
2
3
4
N
J
O
J
C
J
C
J
C
P
S
I
R
E
S
R
E
S
R
E
S
1
5
1
6
118 x 16D
118 x 16D
15D + 117 x 16D
16FS
16FS
16FS
16FS
1
7
P
J
O
3
8
2
4
1
2
6
4
1
2
6
5
1
2
8
0
1
2
8
1
2
5
4
4
2
5
6
1
2
5
4
5
2
5
6
0
78 x 16D 79 x 16D 1
2
3
4
N
J
O
J
C
J
C
J
C
P
S
I
R
E
S
R
E
S
R
E
S
1
5
1
6
78 x 16D
78 x 16D
15D + 77 x 16D
16FS
16FS
16FS
16FS
79 x 16D
79 x 16D
79 x 16D
79 x 16D 16FS
16FS
16FS
16FS
79 x 16D
79 x 16D
79 x 16D
S
T
M
-
1
6

S
T
M
-
6
4

S
T
M
-
2
5
6

D: Data, FS: Fixed Stuff, JC: Justification Control, N/PJO: Negative/Positive Justification Opportunity
46
April 2002
Mapping IP and Ethernet
G.709 provides an encapsulation for packet based client
signals
There is no need for SDH or 10G-Ethernet to encapsulate IP
A new protocol is being defined: Generic Framing Procedure
a generic mechanism to carry any packet signal over fixed rate
channels (e.g. SDH, SONET and OTN's ODUk) - ITU-T Rec. G.gfp
Bandwidth for GFP stream in
ODU1: 2 488 320 kbit/s
ODU2: 9 995 276 kbit/s
ODU3: 40 150 519 kbit/s
17 3824
OPUk
Overhead
OPUk Payload
GFP Frame
bytes
1
2
3
4
R
E
S
R
E
S
R
E
S
R
E
S
P
S
I
R
E
S
R
E
S
R
E
S
15 16
RES
255
0
1
PT
PSI
4 4-65535
GFP Idle Frame
bytes
4
47
April 2002
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5
X+4
X+5
Payload
Header
Payload
Information
Field
N
o
p
t
i
o
n
a
l
P
a
y
l
o
a
d

F
C
S
8
9
Extension
Header
X+4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5
6
7
TYPE <15:08>
TYPE <07:00>
tHEC <15:08>
tHEC <07:00>
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1
2
3
4
PLI <15:08>
PLI <07:00>
cHEC <15:08>
cHEC <07:00>
N-3
N-2
N-1
pFCS <31:24>
pFCS <23:16>
pFCS <15:08>
pFCS <07:00>
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Core
Header
Payload
Area
8
N
Octet
Bit
X+3 eHEC <15:08>
eHEC <07:00>
4 s X s 64
GFP Frame
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1
2
3
4
Octet
Bit
00 (B6) hex
00 (AB) hex
00 (31) hex
00 (E0) hex
GFP Idle
PTI
UPI
9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
eHEC <15:08>
eHEC <07:00>
Spare <07:00> 10
11
12
Linear with Frame
Multiplexing
P
F
I
EXI 5
6
8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5
6
7
TYPE <15:08>
TYPE <07:00>
tHEC <15:08>
tHEC <07:00>
CID <07:00>
N
u
l
l

H
e
a
d
e
r
CID: Channel ID
EXI: Extension Header ID
FCS: Frame Check Seq
HEC: Header Error Check
PFI: Payload FCS Ind
PLI: Payload Length Ind
PTI: Payload Type ID
UPI: User Payload ID
N s 65536
Generic Framing Procedure G.7041
48
April 2002
Mapping ATM
G.709 provides a mapping for cell based client signals
Mapping ATM into ODUk is similar to mapping into SDH
17 3824
OPUk
Overhead
OPUk Payload
ATM cell
53 bytes
1
2
3
4
R
E
S
R
E
S
R
E
S
R
E
S
P
S
I
R
E
S
R
E
S
R
E
S
15 16
RES
255
0
1
PT
PSI
Bandwidth for ATM stream in
ODU1: 2 488 320 kbit/s
ODU2: 9 995 276 kbit/s
ODU3: 40 150 519 kbit/s
49
April 2002
Mapping Test Signals
G.709 provides a mapping for test signals
Two test signals are defined
NULL sequence (all-0's)

T1542830-00
(114739)
RES
255
0
1
PT
PSI
1
2
3
4
16 17 3824 18 15
RES
RES
RES
RES
RES
RES
RES
PSI
OPUk OH
Row
Column
OPUk Payload (4 x 3808 bytes)
All-0's pattern
50
April 2002
Mapping Test Signals
Two test signals are defined (continued)
2 147 483 647-bit Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS)
1 + x
28
+ x
31

groups of 8 successive PRBS bits are mapped into a data byte
1
7
3
8
2
4
OPUk Payload (4 x 3808 bytes)
1
8
D D D 3805x D
D D D 3805x D
D D D 3805x D
D D D 3805x D
1
2
3
4
R
E
S
R
E
S
R
E
S
R
E
S
P
S
I
R
E
S
R
E
S
R
E
S
1
5
1
6
OPUk OH
RES
255
0
1
PT
PSI
51
April 2002
Mapping bit stream with[out] octet timing
G.709 provides a generic mapping for client signals
encapsulated into a bit stream, with or without octet timing
A regional standards organisation or an industry forum may
deploy this mapping for a new client signal
It must also define the OPUk Client Specific (CS) overhead
1
2
3
4
16 17 3824
Row
Column
OPUk Payload (4 x 3808 bytes)
18 15
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
PSI
OPUk OH
RES
255
0
1
PT
PSI
CS: Client Specific overhead
52
April 2002
Bit Rate Agnostic CBR Mapping
New mapping method which maps a CBR signal of any
rate (within a range up to OPUk payload capacity)
Bit rate is a fixed bit rate with a small tolerance in the
ppm range.
For inclusion in G.709 version 2
Description in G.709 Living List
Further development in 2001/2002 timeframe
53
April 2002
Contents
OTN Rationale
OTN Layer Networks
Multi level Connection
Monitoring
OTM Signals
Maintenance Signals
Mapping Client Signals
Multiplexing
Virtual Concatenation
OTN Standards

Wavelength Division
Multiplex (WDM)
Time Division Multiplex
(TDM)
TDM Tributary Slots
TDM Overhead
TDM Mapping
54
April 2002
Wavelength Division Multiplex
OTM-16r.m signal
16 channels
fixed 200 GHz grid independent of bit rate of OCh signal
designed for interworking purposes
OTM-n.m signal
no predefined number of channels
no predefined grid
grid may depend on bit rate of OCh signal
e.g. 25, 50, 100 GHz for OTU1, OTU2, OTU3 resp.
developments in technology are driving capabilities

55
April 2002
Wavelength Division Multiplex - Structure
OTU1[V]
OTU2[V]
OTU3[V]
OTM-n.m
x k
x j
x i
OCG-n.m
OCC
OCC
OCC
x 1
x 1
x 1
1 s i+j+k s n
OCh
OCh
OCh
x 1
x 1
x 1
OTM-nr.m
x k
x j
x i
OCG-nr.m
OCCr
OCCr
OCCr
x 1
x 1
x 1
1 s i+j+k s n
OChr
OChr
OChr
x 1
x 1
x 1
OSC
x 1
OOS
OTS, OMS, OCh, COMMS OH
x 1
x 1
x 1
OTM-0.m
56
April 2002
Time Division Multiplex
TDM muxing in the OTN will be applied for:
lower rate service signal transport
in long distance line systems and/or sub-networks
optimised for single (higher) bit rate
increased throughput
in optical fabrics and/or sub-networks
reduced administrative complexity
in large networks
lower cost networks
TDM muxing introduces additional complexity when
tributary signal must be routed
requires demux and mux stages around switch fabric
57
April 2002
Time Division Multiplex
TDM muxing is muxing of ODUk signals into higher
order ODUk signals
ODU1 into ODU2
ODU1 and/or ODU2 into ODU3
ODU1 into ODU2 into ODU3 is possible, but not the
recommended method when ODU1s are the service signals that
are to be switched/cross connected within an "ODU3 network"
if ODU1s enter such ODU3 network via ODU2, the ODU2 is
terminated at the edge and the ODU1s are remultiplexed into an
ODU3
if ODU2 is service signal, of course no demuxing/remuxing will
occur at edges
Multiplexing via byte interleaving
58
April 2002
Time Division Multiplex - Structure
ODU3 OPU3
x 1
OTU1[V]
OTU2[V]
OTU3[V]
x 1
x 1
x 1
Mapping Multiplexing
ODU2 OPU2
x 1
x 4
x 16

ODU1
OPU1
Client Signal
Client
Signal
x 1
Client Signal
x 4
ODTUG3
ODTUG2
x 1
x 1
59
April 2002
Time Division Multiplex - artist impression
4x ODU1 into ODU2
payload
ODU1 adapted to
ODU2 clock via
justification
adapted ODU1
signals byte
interleaved into
OPU2
ODU2 and OTU2
overhead added
ODU1 floats in of
the OPU2
ODU1 frame will
cross an ODU2
frame boundary
OTU2
OTU2
FEC
Client Layer Signal
(e.g. STM-16, ATM, GFP)
ODU1
ODU1 OH
Alignm
ODU2
4x
O
P
U
1

O
H
Client Layer Signal
(e.g. STM-16)
ODU1 OH
Alignm
O
P
U
1

O
H
Client Layer Signal
(e.g. STM-16)
ODU1 OH
Alignm
O
P
U
1

O
H
Client Layer Signal
(e.g. STM-16)
ODU1 OH
Alignm
O
P
U
1

O
H
Client Layer Signal
(e.g. STM-16, ATM, GFP)
ODU1 OH
Alignm
O
P
U
1

O
H
ODU2 OH
O
P
U
2

O
H
OPU2 Payload
ODU2 OH
Alignm
O
P
U
2

O
H
OTU2
OH
NOTE - The ODU1 floats in of the OPU2 Payload area. An ODU1 frame will cross multiple ODU2 frame boundaries.
A complete ODU1 frame (15296 bytes) requires the bandwidth of (15296/3808 = ) 4.017 ODU2 frames. This is not illustrated.
Client Layer Signal
(e.g. STM-16)
ODU1 OH
Alignm
O
P
U
1

O
H
Client Layer Signal
(e.g. STM-16)
ODU1 OH
Alignm
O
P
U
1

O
H
Client Layer Signal
(e.g. STM-16)
ODU1 OH
Alignm
O
P
U
1

O
H
Client Layer Signal
(e.g. STM-16, ATM, GFP)
ODU1 OH
Alignm
O
P
U
1

O
H
60
April 2002
Time Division Multiplex -
ODU2 Tributary Slot Allocation
1
1
6
1
7
3
8
2
4
Row
Column
1
8
1
9
2
0
3
8
2
3
3
8
2
2
3
8
2
1
2
1
1
5
00
01
10
11
1
2
3
4
OPU2 Payload
(4 x 3808 bytes)
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

4
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

4
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

4
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

4
1
2
3
4
OPU2 Payload
(4 x 3808 bytes)
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

4
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

4
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

4
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

4
1
2
3
4
OPU2 Payload
(4 x 3808 bytes)
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

4
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

4
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

4
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

4
1
2
3
4
OPU2 Payload
(4 x 3808 bytes)
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

4
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

4
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

4
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
2

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

4
P
S
I
J
O
H

T
S

1
P
S
I
J
O
H

T
S

2
P
S
I
J
O
H

T
S

3
P
S
I
J
O
H

T
S

4
MFAS
bits
78
61
April 2002
Time Division Multiplex -
ODU3 Tributary Slot Allocation
1
7
3
8
2
4
1
8
1
9
2
0
3
8
2
3
3
8
2
2
3
8
2
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
3
2
3
1
2
1
1
1
6
Row
Column
1
5
0000
0001
1111
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
P
S
I
J
O
H

T
S

1
P
S
I
J
O
H

T
S

2
P
S
I
J
O
H

T
S

1
6
OPU3 Payload
(4 x 3808 bytes)
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

4
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

5
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

6
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

7
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

8
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

9
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
0
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
1
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
2
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
3
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
4
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
5
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
6
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
5
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
6
OPU3 Payload
(4 x 3808 bytes)
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

4
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

5
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

6
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

7
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

8
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

9
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
0
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
1
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
2
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
3
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
4
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
5
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
6
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
5
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
6
OPU3 Payload
(4 x 3808 bytes)
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

4
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

5
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

6
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

7
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

8
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

9
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
0
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
1
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
2
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
3
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
4
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
5
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
6
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

2
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

3
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
5
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
6
MFAS
bits
5678
62
April 2002
Time Division Multiplex - Overhead
MSI, JC, PJO1, PJO2
J
C
N
J
O
1
2
3
4
1
6
1
7
3
8
2
4
Row
Column
OPUk Payload
(4 x 3808 bytes)
3
8
2
3
3
8
2
2
3
8
2
1
1
5
P
S
I
J
C
J
C
JC Reserved
1 6 7 8 2 5 4 3
JC 0
1
2
17
18
255
Reserved
MSI
P
J
O
1
P
J
O
2
Reserved
P
J
O
1
P
J
O
2
P
J
O
1
P
J
O
2
P
J
O
1
P
J
O
2
1
7
2
1
1
8
1
9
2
0
2
2
2
3
2
4
00
01
10
11
P
J
O
1
P
J
O
2
P
J
O
1
P
J
O
2
P
J
O
1
P
J
O
2
P
J
O
1
P
J
O
2
1
7
3
3
1
8
1
9
3
2
3
4
3
5
4
8
0000
0001
0010
1111
PJO
MFAS
bits 78
MFAS
bits 5678
OPU2 OPU3
63
April 2002
Time Division Multiplex - Mapping
Asynchronous mapping of ODU information bytes
-1, 0, +1, +2 byte justification control
ODU1 into ODU3 mapping includes Fixed Stuff column
ODU1 into ODU2 and ODU2 into ODU3 mapping is without
fixed stuff

1
2
3
4
1 16
1
7
3
8
2
4
Row
Column
OPU3 Payload
transporting
16x ODU1
3
8
2
3
3
8
0
8
3
8
0
9
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
5
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
6
3
2
3
3
1
9
0
5
3
1
J
O
H
P
S
I
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
5
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
6
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
5
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
6
O
P
U
3

T
r
i
b
S
l
o
t

1
F
I
X
E
D

S
T
U
F
F
1
9
0
4
1
9
2
0
1
9
2
1
1
9
1
9
OPU3 Payload
transporting
16x ODU1
64
April 2002
Contents
OTN Rationale
OTN Layer Networks
Multi level Connection
Monitoring
OTM Signals
Maintenance Signals
Mapping Client Signals
Multiplexing
Virtual Concatenation
OTN Standards

ODUk-Xv
OPUk-Xv Overhead
Mapping Client signals
65
April 2002
Virtual Concatenation
Virtual Concatenated ODUk's
ODUk-Xv, with X=1..256
Provide
Ability to transport STM-64 and STM-256 signals via fibers
not supporting 10G and/or 40G wavelengths
STM-64 into ODU1-4v
STM-256 into ODU2-4v or ODU1-16v
Finer granularity bandwidth for data signals
X * 2G5 [10G] [40G] via ODU1-Xv [ODU2-Xv] [ODU3-Xv]
Application of Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS,
Rec. G.7042) offers
Hitless bandwidth modification
Build in resilience when signal components routed via
two or more diverse routes
66
April 2002
Virtual Concatenation - Inverse muxing
16 17 3824 18 15
PSI
1
2
3
4
V
C
O
H
1
4
X
+
1
1
4
X
+
2
1
6
X
3
8
2
4
X
1
2
3
4
OPUk-Xv Payload (4 x 3808 x X bytes) OPUk-Xv OH
(8 x X bytes)
1
2
3
4
OPUk Payload (4 x 3808 bytes) OPUk OH
PSI
OPUk#1
OPUk#X
OPUk-Xv
V
C
O
H
1
5
X
1
5
X
+
1
3
8
2
3
X
+
1
15 16 3824
OPUk-X Payload
Mapping of
client signal
into OPUk-X
Inverse muxing
of OPUk-X
signal into X
OPUk signals
ODUk overhead
is added to
each of the X
OPUk signals
ODUk signals
are transported
67
April 2002
Virtual Concatenation - Overhead
PSI
vcPT
VCOH
MFI1, MFI2
SQ
LCAS
CTRL
GID
RSA
MST
CRC8
Res
1
2
3
4
Column #
PSI
15 16
R
o
w
#
RES
255
254
0
1
2
PT
VCOH
1
VCOH
3
VCOH
2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CTRL
G
I
D
R
S
A
CRC8
RES
0 1
2
5
5
2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9
0
1
2
31
Member Status
MST
(0 - 255)
VCOH1 VCOH2 VCOH3
MFI1
MFI2
SQ
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
3
4
5
00000
00001
00010
11111
00011
00100
00100
MFAS
45678
CRC8
CRC8
CRC8
CRC8
CRC8
CRC8
CRC8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
MFI1 MFI2
vcPT
M
a
p
p
i
n
g

s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
MSB LSB
RSA: RS-Ack
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
SQ, CRC8
MSB LSB
1 2 3 4
CTRL
MSB LSB
68
April 2002
Virtual Concatenation - Mapping
STM-N
asynchronous
bitsynchronous
ATM
GFP (IP, ETH,
MPLS)
Test signals

1
5
X
+
3
1
6
X
3
8
2
4
X
1
2
3
4
P
J
O
N
J
O
J
C
4 x 3808D - 1
4 x 3808D - 1
4 x 3808D - 1
4 x 3808D - 1
J
C
J
C
P
S
I
1
5
X
+
1
1
5
X
+
2
N
J
O
N
J
O
N
J
O
V
C
O
H
P
S
I
V
C
O
H
P
S
I
V
C
O
H
P
S
I
V
C
O
H
1
4
X
+
3
1
5
X
1
4
X
+
1
1
4
X
+
2
1
6
X
+
3
1
7
X
1
6
X
+
1
1
6
X
+
2
P
J
O
P
J
O
P
J
O
X=4
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
3
8
2
4
X
1
9
0
X
+
1
1
9
0
4
X
1
9
2
0
X
1
9
2
0
X
+
1
4 x 118 x 16D - 1 4 x 119 x 16D
4 x 119 x 16D
4 x 119 x 16D
4 x 119 x 16D
4 x 118 x 16D - 1
4 x 118 x 16D - 1
4 x 118 x 16D - 1
4 x 16FS
4 x 16FS
4 x 16FS
4 x 16FS
1
5
X
+
3
1
6
X
1
2
3
4
P
S
I
1
5
X
+
1
1
5
X
+
2
V
C
O
H
P
S
I
V
C
O
H
P
S
I
V
C
O
H
P
S
I
V
C
O
H
1
4
X
+
3
1
5
X
1
4
X
+
1
1
4
X
+
2
1
6
X
+
3
1
7
X
1
6
X
+
1
1
6
X
+
2
P
J
O
N
J
O
J
C
J
C
J
C
N
J
O
N
J
O
N
J
O
P
J
O
P
J
O
P
J
O
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
1
2
3
4
3
8
2
4
X
Row
Column
1
4
X
+
1
PSI
V
C
O
H
PSI
V
C
O
H
1
5
X
1
5
X
+
1
9
6
7
X
+
4
1
5
X
+
5
9
6
8
X
+
9
1
9
1
9
X
+
9
1
9
1
9
X
+
1
3
2
8
7
1
X
+
1
3
2
8
7
1
X
+
1
8
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
N
J
O
N
J
O
N
J
O
N
J
O
P
J
O
P
J
O
P
J
O
P
J
O
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
N
J
O
N
J
O
N
J
O
N
J
O
P
J
O
P
J
O
P
J
O
P
J
O
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
N
J
O
N
J
O
N
J
O
N
J
O
P
J
O
P
J
O
P
J
O
P
J
O
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
J
C
N
J
O
N
J
O
N
J
O
N
J
O
P
J
O
P
J
O
P
J
O
P
J
O
X=16
15231D 15231D 15231D 15231D
15231D 15231D 15231D 15231D
15231D 15231D 15231D 15231D
15231D 15231D 15231D 15231D
STM-256 into OPU2-4v
STM-64 into OPU1-4v
STM-256 into OPU1-16v
69
April 2002
Contents
OTN Rationale
OTN Layer Networks
Multi level Connection
Monitoring
OTM Signals
Maintenance Signals
Mapping Client Signals
Multiplexing
Virtual Concatenation
OTN Standards


70
April 2002
OTN Standards in ITU-T - Transport Plane
Framework
Network Architecture
Structures and bit rates
Equipment
Equipment Management Function
Protection
Data Communication Network
Jitter & Wander Performance
Error Performance
Physical
Information Model
Optical Safety
Generic Framing Procedure
Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme
Bringing into Service & Maintenance
Q factor measurement
G.871 (10/00)
G.872 (10/01)
G.709 (02/01), G.709 am.1 (10/01)
G.798 (10/01)
G.874 (10/01), G.7710 (11/01)
G.gps (2002), G.otnprot (2002)
G.7712 (10/01)
G.8251 (2002)
G.optperf (2002)
G.959.1 (02/01), G.693, G.dsn (2003)
G.874.1 (10/01), G.875 (2002)
G.664 (06/99)
G.7041 (10/01)
G.7042 (10/01)
M.24otn (2003)
O.qfm (?)
71
April 2002
OTN Standards in ITU-T - Control Plane
Automatic Switched Transport
Network
Automatic Switched Optical Network
Distributed Connection Management
Automatic Discovery Techniques
Routing
Signalling Communication Network
Link Resource Manager
G.807 (05/01)

G.8080 (10/01)
G.7713 (10/01)
G.7714 (10/01)
G.7715 (2002)
G.7712 (10/01)
G.7716 (2002?)
72
April 2002
OTN Standards in ITU-T
Network Architecture
(G.872)
Structures & Mappings
(G.709)
Equipment Functional Spec.
(G.798, G.806)
Equipment Man. Function
(G.874, G.7710)
Information Model
(G.874.1, G.875)
Jitter/Wander Performance
(G.8251)
Error Performance
(G.optperf)
Physical Layer
(G.959.1, G.692, G.693, G.dsn)
Protection Switching
(G.otnprot, G.gps)
Data & Signalling
Communication Network
(G.7712)
ITU-T OTN Recommendations
Transport Plane
Bringing into Service &
Maintenance for the OTN
(M.24otn)
Automatic Power Shut Down
Procedures for Optical
Transport Systems (G.664)
Framework for OTN Rec's
(G.871/Y.1301)
73
April 2002
OTN Standards in ITU-T
Automatic Switched
Transport Network
(G.807)
Automatic Switched
Optical Network
(G.8080)
Distributed Call & Connection
Management
(G.7713, G.7713.x (x=1,2,3))
Automatic Neighbor Discovery
Techniques
(G.7714)
Connection Admission Control
(G.cac)
Routing
(G.7715)
Data & Signalling
Communication Network
(G.7712)
ITU-T Recommendations
Control Plane
Link Resource Manager
(G.7716)
THANK YOU