Presented By: Somnath Mahinder , B.C.E -3RD Yr Roll No.

001010401043 Jadavpur University

Under the Guidance by Dr. Amit Dutta (Associate Professor) Department of Civil Engineering Jadavpur University

PRESENTATION PLAN
Introduction Sources of Bio-medical waste Category and Composition of Bio-medical waste Problem associated with Bio-medical waste Need for Bio-medical Waste Management Collection, Segregation, Labelling, Storage & Transportation of Bio-medical waste Treatment Techniques Advantage of this system & Human Resource Management issue Conclusion
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INTRODUCTION
The waste produced in the course of health care activities

carries a higher potential for infection and injury than any other type of waste. So, appropriate management of biomedical waste is a crucial part of environmental health protection.

BIO-MEDICAL WASTE (BMW)

Any waste , which is generated during the diagnosis,

treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining thereto or in the production or testing of biological, and including categories of bio-medical waste (BMW rules,1998).

WHO estimates

SOURCES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE

Operation theatre / Wards / Labour rooms

Dressing rooms
Injection rooms Intensive Care Unit Dialysis Room Laboratory

Compound of Hospital or Nursing Home.

Corridor
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CATEGORIES OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE

WASTE CATEGORY NO. WASTE CATEGORY TYPE

CATEGORY

HUMAN ANATOMICAL WASTE

ANIMAL WASTE MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY WASTE WASTE SHARPS DISCARDED MEDICINE & CYTOTOXIC DRUG SOLID WASTE SOLID WASTE LIQUID WASTE INCINERATION ASH CHEMICAL WASTE
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CATEGORY 2 CATEGORY

CATEGORY 4 CATEGORY

CATEGORY 6
CATEGORY 7 CATEGORY 8 CATEGORY

CATEGORY 10

VARIOUS TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES

Waste Sharps e.g.: Needles

Discarded medicines

Human anatomical waste

Solid waste e.g.: cotton swabs

COMPOSITION OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES

PHYSICAL COMPOSITION Human anatomical wastes, microbiological wastes, solid waste, animal waste 25% to 35% Waste sharp discarded glassware and disposables 10% to 15% General waste 50% to 65% CHEMICAL COMPOSITION C/N 14% to 20% Moisture content 70% Carbon 16% to 24% Nitrogen 1% to 1.32% Calorific value 1700 kcal/kg to 4000 kcal/kg.
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PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH BMW

ORGANISM DISEASES CAUSED RELATED WASTE ITEM

VIRUSES HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A,C,

AIDS,Infectious Hepatitis, Dengue, Japanese encephalitis, etc.

Infected needles, body Fluids, Human excreta, soiled linen, Blood, body fluids.

BACTERIA Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Streptococcus

Typhoid, Cholera, Tetanus Wound infections, Septicemia.

Human excreta and body fluid in landfills and hospital wards, Sharps such as needles, surgical blades in hospital waste.

PARASITES Plasmodium

Kala Azar, Malaria.

Human excreta, blood and body fluids in poorly managed sewage system of hospitals.
8 Outdated & discarded drug

CYTOTOXIC DRUG

Fauroux B, Pulmonary

NEED FOR BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGMENT

Nosocomial infections in patients from poor infection

control practices and poor waste management. Drugs which have been disposed of, being repacked and sold off to unsuspecting buyers. Risk of air, water and soil pollution directly due to waste, or due to defective incineration emissions and ash. Risk of infection outside hospital for waste handlers and scavengers, other peoples.
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SEGREGATION AND LABELLING OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE

SEGGREGATION : To segregate the biomedical waste

Color coding of Bio-medical waste

LABELLING : All the bags when filled up to th should be removed tied

and labeled ( type of waste , site of generation) . All bags must be bio-degradable having bio-hazard sign.
Bio-hazard sign
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TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE

TRANSPORTATION Within the hospital BMW transportation route to be

designed to avoid patient care areas. Dedicated wheeled containers, trolleys or carts with cover & with proper labeling to be used for transportation STORAGE Area of the storage should be covered and grilled from all sides. Biomedical waste should be protected from animal and rag pickers. There should be night provision of over night storage for the infected waste.
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TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL

PROCEDURES Incineration MAIN FUNCTION burn trash and other types of waste until it is reduced to ash. It uses a combination of heat, steam and pressure. Waste is indirectly heated here by providing steam into the outer jacket of a double walled container

Autoclaving Hydroclaving

Chemical treatment

Landfill Disposal

Using sodium hypochlorite solution, bleaching powder, savlon and then discharged into drains/sewers Using a pit or trench for final 12 disposal of BMW

PICTURE AND DIAGRAM OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES

Incineration : Diagram and Picture

Autoclave :

Land fill disposal :

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TREATMENT PROCESS

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BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN KOLKATA

KMC runs 24 health clinics, 5 maternity clinics, 9 chest

clinics, 1 TB hospital, 41 malaria clinics, 50 health care clinics in its 187.33 sq.km with permanent population 46 lakhs as per 2001 census. State Govt. runs 36 major hospitals with 14000 beds and Govt. of India runs 5 hospital with bed capacity 1164 in KMC area Approx 1.45 kg waste is generated per patient per day. CBMWTDF (Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility) are operated by private operators to treat and dispose Bio-medical waste This facility exist in Howrah ( capacity 30000 beds / day).It is operated by M/s Semb Ramky Management Pvt. Ltd.
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ADVANTAGE OF THIS SYSTEM & HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ISSUE

It minimize the amount of potentially hazardous waste that requires the specialized and costly treatment. It reduces occupational health and safety risks to the health care workers and rag pickers. It improves infection control within the hospital. Minimization of hospital waste and community awareness about bio-medical waste can be done by training & research .
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CONCLUSIONS
Safe and effective management of waste is not only a legal

necessity but also a social responsibility. Proper collection and segregation of biomedical waste should be done. Waste generation should be reduced as far as possible. Individual awareness and participation should be increased. Metal products like syringes should be used after proper recycling. Label with hazard warnings should be strictly maintained on Bio-medical wastes.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIO-MEDICAL WASTE (MANAGEMENT AND

HANDLING) RULES, 1998

Book on Sewage Disposal and Air Pollution Engineering by S.K.Garg [Twenty Fifth edition] A paper on Bio-medical Waste Management of Kolkata by Dr.Amit Dutta, Subhasish Chattopadhyay, Subhabrata Ray. www.authorstream.com www.indmedia.com

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LET THE WASTES OF THE SICK NOT CONTAMINATE THE LIVES OF THE HEALTHY..

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THANK YOU
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