Bus Physics & Wiring

PROFIBUS wiring/installation can be done with:

Copper

Fiber optic

Infrared & RF components

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Bus Physics & Wiring

PROFIBUS is based on RS485...

Network consists of RS485 segments

Proper installation required

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Bus Physics & Wiring

PROFIBUS Segments
Connected via repeaters New segment when maximum length or number of devices per segment is reached

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Bus Physics & Wiring

PROFIBUS Segments - Repeater
Segment 1

Segment 1
Isolation

Segment 2 s
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Bus Physics & Wiring

PROFIBUS - Segment & Network Length
12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 4,000 2,000 0 9.6 19.2 93.75 187.5 500 2,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 400 1,000 200 1,500 100 3,000 1,000 100 6,000 1,000 100 12,000 Network [m] Segment [m] 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000

[kbaud]

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Bus Physics & Wiring

PROFIBUS Segments - Nodes/Devices
Up to 126 addressable nodes per network Up to 32 devices per segment What counts as device?

PROFIBUS Nodes (e.g. I/O)

Optical Link Modules (OLMs)

Repeater

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Bus Physics & Wiring

PROFIBUS Segments - Example
Address #0 Address #30 No Address Address #31 Address #60

Up to 126 addressable nodes per network Up to 32 devices per segment

Address #120

Address #91 No Address

Address #90

Address #61 No Address

Address #121 No Address

Address #125 = Repeater

= OLM

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Bus Physics & Wiring

Installation
Drop Lines
Cable Distances

Shielding & Grounding

Termination

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Bus Physics & Wiring

Installation - Shielding & Grounding
Improves EMC behavior Provides a low impedance (short) return path for noise and current Reduces the emission from the bus
!!! Shield is not always connected to protective GND within the devices; therefore, make sure the cable shield will be connected to GND before it enters or leaves the cabinet !!!

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Bus Physics & Wiring

Installation - Cable Distances

>= 20 cm

Cable Category I

>= 10 cm

Cable Category II
>= 50 cm

>= 10 cm

Cable Category III

>= 50 cm

Cable Category IV

>= 50 cm

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Bus Physics & Wiring

Installation - Cable... (continued)
Category I:
LAN cables (e.g. Ethernet) Other communication cables

Category II:
Shielded and unshielded cables for DC voltages > 60V and <= 400 V Shielded and unshielded cables for AC voltages > 25V and <= 400 V

Category III:
Shielded and unshielded cables for DC and AC voltages > 400 V

Category IV:
Signal cables of categories I - III at risk from direct lightning strikes, e.g., connections between components in different buildings

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Bus Physics & Wiring

Installation - T-Connections (Drop/Stub/Spur)
Every branch or drop directly from the cable Stubs to devices cause reflections (additional capacitance) Repeaters are not spur-lines
Device
RS485

Device
RS485

Internal to device

Between device and trunk line (A) (B)

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Bus Physics & Wiring

Installation - T-Connections (Drop/Stub/Spur)
600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 9.6 19.2 93.75 187.5

500

500
Allowed Length [m]

100

33

20
500

6.6
1,500

0
3,000

0
6,000

0
12,000

[kbaud]

Although stub lines can theoretically be tolerated at the lower baud rates, the recommendation is to avoid the use of stub lines altogether.

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Bus Physics & Wiring

Installation - Termination
Termination for each segment at BOTH ends Termination works ONLY when supplied with power

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Bus Physics & Wiring

Installation - Termination: Example

Repeater

OLM

OLM

OLM

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Bus Physics & Wiring

Wiring - Easy, when you use the right tools...

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Bus Physics & Wiring

Wiring - Easy, when you use the right tools...

1. How to hold the insulation stripper in your right hand.

2. Match up the cable end with the template so that your left index finger is against the end surface of the tool.

3. Insert the end of the cable into the stripper using your left index finger as a limit stop to ensure the correct length is inserted.

4x

4. Clamp the cable firmly in the stripper.

5. Rotate the stripper around the cable 4 times in the direction of the arrow.

6. With the clamp still closed, pull the stripper off the end of the cable.
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Bus Physics & Wiring

Wiring - Easy, when you use the right tools...

7. The removed insulation remains in the stripper. After releasing the clamp, the remnants can be removed.

8. Pull the protective foil off the cores.

9. After removing the insulation from the cores, the cable can be fitted into the PB connector.

green wire A red wire B

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Bus Physics & Wiring

Copper is not the End of the Road...
Plastic, PCF and glass fiber optic available
Plastic - 50m between 2 Optical Link Modules (OLM)
PCF - 300m between 2 OLMs Glass - up to 15km between 2 OLMs

Connections via modules or integrated interface

When is Fiber Optic the Choice?

Noise immunity & independence from potential
differences

Cover longer distances Line, ring and star configuration possible Media redundancy
s
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Bus Physics & Wiring

Fiber Optic - Optical Link Modules (OLM)
PROFIBUS FO Glass, PCF or Plastic

OLM

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Bus Physics & Wiring

Fiber Optic - Integrated FO Interface

= Optical Bus Terminal (OBT)

PROFIBUS FO PCF or Plastic

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Bus Physics & Wiring

More Options... Infrared Components
Wireless linking of devices (up to 15m) Communication with moving devices Communication with changing devices Noise immune Ground independent

More Options... RF Technology

http://www.micro-control.no http://www.akerstroms.no

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