Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Spring 2004
Introduction
d λbs
vbs = ibs rs +
dt
d λcs
vcs = ics rs +
dt
Voltage Equations (cont’d)
d λbr
vbr = ibr rr +
dt
d λcr
vcr = icr rr +
dt
Flux Linkage Equations
Model of Induction Motor
To build up our simulation equation, we
could just differentiate each expression
for λ, e.g.
d λas d [first row of matrix]
vas = =
dt dt
But since Lsr depends on position,
which will generally be a function of
time, the trig. terms will lead to a mess!
Park’s transform to the rescue!
Park’s Transformation
fq f a
f = T f
d qd 0 b
f0 fc
where f can be i, v, or λ.
Park’s Transformation (cont’d)
2π 2π
cos θ q cos θ q − cos θ q +
3 3
2 2π 2π
Tqd 0 (θ q ) = − sin θ q − sin θ q − − sin θ q +
3 3 3
1 1 1
2 2 2
Park’s Transformation (cont’d)
cos θ q − sin θ q 1
−1 2π 2π
Tqd 0 (θ q ) = cos θ q − − sin θ q − 1
3 3
2π 2π
cos
q θ + − sin θ
q + 1
3 3
Of course, [T][T]-1=[I]
Park’s Transformation (cont’d)
Thus,
vq va
v = T v
d qd 0 b
v0 vc
and iq ia
i = T i
d qd 0 b
i0 ic
Induction Motor Model in qd0
Acknowledgement:
ROTOR:
λqd0r= Tr λabcr= Tr LsrT Ts-1 iqd0s +Tr Lr Tr-1 iqd0r
Induction Motor Model in qd0 (cont’d)
After some algebra, we find:
Lar 0 0
Tr LrTr−1 = 0 Lar 0 where Lar= Lr-Lab
0 0 Lar
−1
Ts LsT s
and similarly for .
Just constants!!
Our double reference frame transformation
eliminates the trig. terms found in our
original equations.
Induction Motor Model in qd0 (cont’d)
We know what β and θr must be to make
the transformation work but we still have
not determined what to set θ to. We’ll
come back to this but let us first look at
our new qd0 constitutive law and work
out simulation equations.
( )
vqd 0 s = T s vabcs = T s Riabcs + T s
d
dt
λabcs
−1 d −1
= T s RT s iqd 0 s + T s T s λqd 0 s
dt
d −1
= Riqd 0 s + T s T s λqd 0 s
dt
Induction Motor Model in qd0 (cont’d)
vqd 0 s = Riqd 0 s +
d
dt
( dt
)
d −1
λqd 0 s + T s T s λqd 0 s
dθ
0 − 0
dt
= Riqd 0 s +
d
dt
(
λqd 0 s ) + dθ
dt
0 0 λqd 0 s
0 0 0
Induction Motor Model in qd0 (cont’d)
For the stator this matrix is:
0 −ω 0
ω 0 0
0 0 0
d λds
vds = ids rs − ωλqs +
dt
d λ0 s
v0 s = i0 s rs +
dt
Induction Motor Model in qd0 (cont’d)
Simulation model; Rotor Equations:
d λqr
vqr = iqr rr + (ω − ω r )λdr +
dt
d λdr
vdr = idr rr − (ω − ω r )λqr +
dt
d λ0 r
v0 r = i0 r rr +
dt
Induction Motor Model in qd0 (cont’d)
3P
Tem = (λqr idr − λdr iqr )
22
3P
= (λds iqs − λqs ids )
22
3P
= xm (idr iqs − iqr ids )
22
Induction Motor Model in qd0 Example
2π
vbr = Vmr cos( sω et − − θ r (0) − δ ) ibr = I mr cos( sω et − 2π − θ r (0) − δ − φr )
3 3
4π 4π
vcr = Vmr cos( sω et − i =
− θ r (0) − δ ) cr mr
I cos( sω e t − − θ r (0) − δ − φr )
3 3
Steady State Model of Induction
Motor (cont’d)
Transforming these stator and rotor abc
variables to the qd0 reference with the q-axis
aligned with the a-axis of the stator gives:
v jωe t
v s = vqs − jvds = Vms e
s s
v s − jφ jωe t
i s = iqs − jids = I ms e e
s
v
v r = (vqrr − jvdrr )e jθ r ( t ) = (Vmr e j ( sωet −θ r (0) −δ ) )e jθ r ( t )
v jθ r ( t ) j ( sωe t −θ r (0) −δ ) jθ r ( t )
i r = (iqr − jidr )e
r r
= ( I mr e )e
where s and r= qd0 components in stationary
frame and rotating ref. frames, respectively.
Steady State Model of Induction
Motor (cont’d)
In steady state operation with the rotor
rotating at a constant speed of ωe(1-s),
θ r (t ) = ω e (1 − s)t + θ r (0)
°V ar = Vmr e jδ % I mr − j (δ +φr )
I ar = e
2 2
Steady State Model of Induction
Motor (cont’d)
and ur s ur s vqss − jvdss
V qs − j V ds = ° as e jωet
=V
2
rs r s iqss − jidss
I qs − j I ds = = I%
as e
jω et
ur s ur s vqrs − jvdrs
V qr − j V dr = ° ar e jωet
=V
2
rs r s iqrs − jidrs
I qr − j I dr = = I%
ar e
jωe t
2
Steady State Model of Induction
Motor (cont’d)
Referring the rotor voltages and currents
to the stator side gives:
ur ' s ur ' s N °
V qr − j V dr = s V e jω e t
= °
V
'
e jω e t
ar ar
Nr
r' s r' s N % jωet % ' jω e t
I qr − j I dr = r I
ar e = I ar e
Ns
V± 'ar r 'r
= ( + jω L ' ) %' + jω L (I%
I + %' )
I
÷s => s s
e lr ar e m as ar
Steady State Model of Induction
Motor (cont’d)
The relations on the previous slide can be
rewritten as:
°V as = (r + j ω e x )I%
as + j
ωe
x ( %
I as + %' )
I
ωb ωb
s ls m ar
± 'ar
V r 'r ωe ωe
=( + j %
x 'lr )I 'ar + j xm (I% %
as + I 'ar )
s s ωb ωb
ω rm sω sm (1 − s ) sω sm
Steady State Model of Induction
Motor (cont’d)
The operating characteristics are quite
different if the induction motor is
operated at constant voltage or constant
current.
Constant voltage -> stator series
impedance drop is small => airgap
voltage close to supply voltage over wide
range of loading.
Constant current -> terminal and airgap
voltage could vary significantly.
Steady State Model of Induction
Motor- Constant Voltage Supply
Shorting the rotor windings and
operating the stator windings with a
constant voltage supply leads to the
below Thevenin equivalent circuit.
Steady State Model of Induction
Motor- Constant Voltage Supply
The Thevenin circuit parameters are:
° th = jxm ° as
V V
rs + j ( xls + xm )
jxm (rs + jxls )
Zth = rth + jxth =
rs + j ( xls + xm )
Steady State Model of Induction
Motor- Constant Voltage Supply
The average torque developed for a P-pole
machine with constant voltage supply is
given by:
3P Vth2 (rr' / s )
Tem =
2ω e (rth + rr' / s ) 2 + ( xth + xlr' ) 2
(rr / s ) + ( x + xm )
'
lr
2
Comparison of Constant Voltage
vs. Constant Current Operation
Consider a 20 hp, 60Hz, 220V 3Φ induction
motor with the following equivalent circuit
parameters:
rs = 0.1062Ω xls = 0.2145 Ω
rr’ = 0.0764Ω xlr’ = 0.2145 Ω
xm = 5.834 Ω Jrotor= 2.8 kgm2