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For protection and good appearance Different layers priming, base coat, first coat, second coat etc. Components A base pigment - forming the bulk of the paint, gives durability & protection due to resistance to the elements. Depending on the material of application, eg white lead for wood, red lead for steel etc. A vehicle or binder - Facilitating the spread of the paint and bind the paint and surface together. Eg- oils like linseed oil, resins, bitumen, cellulose derivatives etc. A solvent or thinner - Determines the viscosity. Eg- turpentine in oil paints or water in emulsion paints.
A drier - Accelerating the process of drying of the paint. Eg cobalt, lead, manganese etc dissolved in volatile liquids.
Colouring pigments - Added to give colouring.
Enamel paints Metallic oxides, oil, petroleum and natural resinous matter Mostly used for metal and wood.
Preparation of New Surface Newly plastered surfaces are allowed to dry for at least two months before the application of distemper. The surface is brushed thoroughly to make it free from mortar droppings. Then the sand paper is rubbed to make the surface smooth. Preparation of Old Surface All loose pieces and scales are removed by sand papering. The surface is cleaned of all grease, dirt, etc Holes in plaster are filled in with Plaster of Paris mixed with color. Then the surface is rubbed down again with fine grade sand paper to make it smooth. A coat of distemper is applied on patches. The patched surface is allowed to dry thoroughly before applying regular coat of distemper.