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AGENDA Raw materials for silicone rubber Production of silicone rubber Liquid and solid silicone rubber processing crosslinking Properties of silicone rubber
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
AGENDA Raw materials for silicone rubber Production of silicone rubber Liquid and solid silicone rubber processing crosslinking Properties of silicone rubber
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
RAW SILICON
Does not occur as pure element in nature Has to be gained from quartz (SiO2) in an highly energy consuming process Silicone of high purity (>99%) is needed
SiO2 + C Si + CO2
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
CHLORINE
Does not occur as pure element in nature Has to be gained from salt (NaCl) in a highly energy consuming process (electricity) Corrosive gas
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
CHLORINE, SILICONE AND ORGANICS: SILANES Reaction of organic chlorides with silicone metal in the MllerRochow-Process
SiCl4 MeSiCl3 Cl2
Si
Cu-cat.
Me2SiCl2 Me3SiCl
Methanol
MeCl
- H2O
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
Me4Si
+ HCl
DISTILLATION OF SILANES
Me2SiCl2
in >99,9% purity
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
AGENDA Raw materials for silicone rubber Production of silicone rubber Liquid and solid silicone rubber processing crosslinking Properties of silicone rubber
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
Si O
Me
Si O Me
Si O Si O Si O
Si O Si O Si O
Si O Si O Si O
Si O Si O Si O
MAIN COMPONENT 2: SILICA skeleton based on oxygen and silicon, similar to quartz two main production processes:
precipitated silica
water
SiCl4
fumed silica (HDK)
thermolysis
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
burner
SiCl4 + 2 H2 + O2
aggregates
agglomerates
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
Base Polymer
Crosslinking System
Additives
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
PRODUCTION SCHEME
Si-Wafer
quartz sand
silicon
fumed silica
HDK
oils
additives
silicone rubber
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
AGENDA
Raw materials for silicone rubber Production of silicone rubber
Liquid and solid silicone rubber processing crosslinking Properties of silicone rubber
Silicone rubber in comparison to other elastomers
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
peroxide cure
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
LIQUID SILICONE RUBBER: COMPONENTS Polymer + filler Crosslinker Catalyst Inhibitor A-Component Polymer + filler Pt-catalyst B-Component Polymer + filler Crosslinker
Inhibitor
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
Pt-catalyzed reaction
Peroxid
time
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
ELASTOSIL LR: PREPARED FOR VARIOUS APPLICATION AREAS highly transparent electrically conductive heat resistant standard
self adhesive
self lubricating
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
LIQUID SILICONE RUBBER: SUMMARY 2 component system: Crosslinking via hydrosilylation of vinyl groups of the VMQ-polymer Curing temperatures above 100 C No vulcanization at 25 C (room temperature - pot life)
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
Important requirements: Mills have to be cooled (not too cold in order to avoid condensation of H2O on the surface) Pt-catalyzed compounds have to be stored under cooled conditions (< 25 C) Surface of mill has to be polished
Crosslinking is done depending on production process: Extrusion: crosslinking via salt bath, steam, hot air or IRchannel (pressureless) Press vulcanization: crosslinking in presses with heating (under pressure) Injection molding
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
SOLID SILICONE RUBBER: Pt-CURING GRADES ELASTOSIL R plus Polymer + filler 1K Crosslinker Catalyst Inhibitor ELASTOSIL R plus Polymer + filler 2K Crosslinker Inhibitor
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
SOLID SILICONE RUBBER: Pt-CATALYZED GRADES ELASTOSIL R plus Curing catalysed via platinum compounds 2K-grades and 1K-grades Processed at 150-170 C by injection moulding compression molding or extrusion Highest mechanical strength within the silicone elastomer family
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
crosslinking temperature
> 100 C
Molding:
CH3 CH3 O
C
CH3
165 - 190 C
CH3 O O
170 - 190 C
CH3
CH3
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
platinum cure
Peroxid
time
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
platinum cure
peroxide cure
time
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
SOLID SILICONE RUBBER: PEROXIDE CURING GRADES ELASTOSIL R Curing through organic radicals by peroxide (E, C1, C6) decomposition Processed at 160-190 C by compression molding or injection moulding or extrusion Very high mechanical strength
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
Minimization of volatiles
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
solid silicone
Advantage: Better physical properties of products Higher flexibility in processing Molding Extrusion Calendaring Assembly
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
peroxide cure
Advantage: Not sensible towards catalyst poisons Unlimited storage time for compounds
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
AGENDA
Raw materials for silicone rubber Production of silicone rubber
Liquid and solid silicone rubber processing crosslinking Properties of silicone rubber
Silicone rubber in comparison to other elastomers
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
Excellent high temperature resistance and low temperature flexibility High resistance towards chemicals and environmental influences
High transparency
TYPICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICONE RUBBER Specific gravity Hardness Tensile strength at break Elongation at break Tear resistance (ASTM D 624) Compression set (175C, 22 h) 1.05-1.35 g/cm 3-90 Shore A 5-11 N/mm 100-900 % 5-50 N/mm 10-25 %
Rebound resilience
20-70 %
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
Neutral taste and smell (a lot of grades comply with regulations of BfR and FDA)
Easy processing
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
AGENDA
Raw materials for silicone rubber Production of silicone rubber
Liquid and solid silicone rubber processing crosslinking Properties of silicone rubber
Silicone rubber in comparison to other elastomers
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
RUBBER CLASSIFICATION
price
1 % vol. 10 % turnov. Speciality Elastomers: CR, NBR, EP(D)M, (X)IIR 17 % volume 30 % turnover General Purpose Elastomers: NR, BR, SBR 82 % volume 60 % turnover
High Performance Elastomers FKM HNBR MVQ, PMVQ, FMVQ (E)CO EVM, AEM, ACM CSM
volume
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
FVMQ HT-ACM
MVQ VMQ
150
ACM ACM
AEM
EVM
40% VA
EPDM EPDM
NBR NBR
CO/ECO
18% ACN
CM/CSM
IIR
100
CR
SBR SBR BR BR NR NR
50 10 20 30
* temperature at which after 1000 hours, 50 % of initial elongation at break are retained
no requirements
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
FKM
-20
CR CR
-40
NR
SBR SBR
-60
BR BR VMQ
-80 60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
* temperature at which after 1000 hours, 50 % of initial elongation at break are retained
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
heat resistance low temperature flexibility oil resistance fuel resistance ozone-/weathering resistance mechanical properties (23 C) mechanical properties (100 C) tear resistance abrasion resistance low temperature C.S. (-20 C) high temperature C.S. (120 C) gas impermeability processing prics Rating (all properties except price) excellent fair weak price low medium high
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011
10% 10%
Automotive
20% 20%
Electronics Photonics Solar
10% 10%
20% 20%
Household Machinery Sanitary
Silicone Rubber Properties and Applications Johann Mller, Wacker- Chemie AG, January 2011