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system
Organization
Heart
Artery (a.)
Veins (v.)
Capillary
Blood circulation
Systemic circulation
Pulmonary circulation
The Arteries
Guiqiong He
Department of Anatomy
Chongqing Medical University
Characteristics of the arteries
The larger arteries usually occupy the most
protected situations, running, in the limbs, along
the flexor surface, where they are less exposed to
injury
segmental and intersegmental in character. The
intersegmental character of the intercostal and
lumbar vessels is obvious.
The intersegmental a.& v. are bilaterally
symmetrical vessels.
The arteries in the trunk of the body consist of
parietal and visceral branches.
Take the shortest possible course.
Run together with v. and n. in a sheath of fascia to
form neurovascular bundle.
Vascular which means the arteries do not end in capillaries, but
communicate with one another to form the anastomoses.
anastomosis
A-A type: Anastomosis between a.
V-V type: Anastomosis between v.
A-V type: Anastomosis between a.& v.
Collateral vessels and collateral
circulation
Common carotid a.
External carotid a.
- sup. thyroid a.
- lingiual a.
- facial a.
- ascending pharyngeal a.
- occipital a.
- superficial temporal a.
- maxillary a. →middle meninges a.
Internal carotid a.: enter the cranial
cavity to supply the brain. (※ without
giving off branches in the neck)
Carotid sinus
It is a dilatation at the point of the
bifurcation of common carotid a.,
acting as a pressoreceptor, which
reacts to changes of the arterial
blood.
Carotid glomus
It is a small, reddish-brown
structure behind the bifurcation of
the common carotid a., acting as a
chemoreceptor, which responds to
changes in the composition of the
blood, eg. O2/CO2
Subclavian a.:
right subclavian a. arises from the
brachiocephalic trunk, while the left
one from the aortic arch.
◇ sup. epigastric a.
-thyrocervical trunk
◇ inf. thyroid a.
◇ suprascapular a.
◇ costocervical trunk
ii. Arteries of upper limb
Blood supply comes from the subclavian a.
-thoracoacromial a. Subclavian a.
-lateral thoracic a.
-subscapular a.
Axillary a.
-Ant.& post.
circumflex humeral a
Brachial a. Deep brachial
a.
Radial a. Ulnar a.
radial
Ulnar
Superficial deep palmar a.
a.
palmar branch branch
Deep palmar arch
Sup. palmar arch
Superficial palmar arch deep palmar arch
iii. Arteries of thorax
Blood supply comes from the thoracic aorta.
Parietal branches
posterior intercostals a.(9 pairs)
subcostal a. (1 pair)
Visceral branches
Bronchial a.
Esophageal a.
Pericardial a.
iV. Arteries of abdomen
Blood supply comes from the abdominal aorta.
Parietal branches
Inf. prenic a.(1 pair)
Lumbar a.(4 pairs)
Visceral branches
Paired branches
-Middle suprarenal artery
-Renal artery
-Testicular (ovarian) artery
Visceral branches
cystic a.
Unpaired branches
left gastric a. right gastric a.
inferior mesenteric a.
splenic a.
Superior
mesenteric a.
Common hepatic a.
V. Arteries of pelvis
Blood supply comes from common iliac a., it divides into internal &
external iliac a.
Internal iliac a.
-parietal branch
◇ sup. & inf. gluteal a.
◇ obturator a.
- Visceral branch
◇ inf. rectal a.
◇ uterine a./ testicular a.
◇ internal pudendal a.
External iliac a.
Vi. Arteries of lower limb
Blood supply comes from external iliac a.
peroneal a.
When the drug was injected into the vein in the back of hand,
finally it was discharged from the urine. Describe the pathway
of the drug in the body.
True or False
All of the arteries contain oxygen-rich blood, while all of the
veins contain oxygen-poor blood.