Motivation

an art thats second nature to me, but dont be fooled for Gods sake, dont be fooled. I give the impression that Im secure, that all is sunny and unruffled with me, within as well as without. That confidence is my name and coolness, my game, that the waters calm and

Management is nothing more than motivating other people.

Iacocca

Motivating the workforce is a huge global challenge.

The presidential palace in Port-auPrince is seen before and after the earthquake

A Haitian national flag flies at half mast at the collapsed presidential palace as a soldier patrols in Port-au-Prince

If you are not continually learning and upgrading your skills, somewhere, someone else is, and when you meet that person, you will loose.
Reed Buckley, Author

Giant goals produce giant motivation.

Often, the reasons people come to work for a firm are not the reasons they leave the firm.

It is important to learn why good employees leave.

If you want people to be

motivated to do a good job, give them a good job to do.
- Frederick Herzberg

People leave because with the companys brand name to support them they can easily get 40%-50% hike in salaries in other places.
TK Kurian, CEO, Wipro BPO

PERFORMANCE = ABILITY X MOTIVATION

Motivation
The need or drive that incites action. Provides a reason for exerting effort.

Motivation is the set of forces that lead people to behave in particular ways. Motivation involves a conscious decision to direct effort toward one activity more than others.

MOTIVATION IS THE SELF-PROPELLING FORCE WITHIN A MAN WHICH KEEPS prompting HIM TO IMPROVE HIS PERFORMANCE,HIS BEHAVIOUR.

IT IS HIS WILL AND KEENNESS TO ACHIEVE NOT

WHAT HE IS SUPPOSED TO ACHIEVE HE SETS FOR HIMSELF BUT WHAT

TO ACHIEVE. -- DR SL DAS

HIGHLIGHTS OF DEFINITION
o WHAT

ENERGISES

HUMAN BEHAVIOUR

o WHAT

DIRECTS SUCH BEHAVIOUR SUSTAINED

o HOW IS THIS BEHAVIOUR

MOTIVATION - BASICS
EVERY HUMAN BEHAVIOUR IS
MOTIVATED UNDERSTAND WHAT MOTIVATES PEOPLE DOES NOT LAST LONGER NEEDS REINFORCEMENT.

Motivation is NOT:
totally susceptible to a supervisors control.

always the same for all people.

the same as job satisfaction. simple to understand or apply on the job.

History of the term :

The term motivation can be traced to the Latin word Movere which means to move.

What managers must to do motivate people

Join and remain active in the group Produce dependable behavior Innovate and adapt to the organizations changing needs Recognize that management is not control, but service
Ask, What will motive people to willingly work toward organizational goals?

Story:
There was once a great war between two countries. On a hot afternoon, a man in civilian clothes was riding past a small group of tired soldiers digging a huge pit, doing a seemingly impossible task.

The group leader was shouting orders and threatening punishment if the work was not completed within the hour.
The man riding the horse stopped and asked, Sir, why cant you help them yourself? The group leader replied, I am the leader. The men do as I tell them. If you feel so strongly, go help them! The man worked with the soldiers till the job was finished! Before leaving, he congratulated the soldiers for their work, and approaching the group leader said, The next time your status prevents you from supporting your people, inform your higher authorities and I will provide a more permanent solution. The group leader was completely surprised. Only now he realised that the man was in fact the army general!

What does a person bring to job?

The competent person has the aptitude, ability and selfconfidence to do a task.
Willingness involves motivation to focus on the tasks that add value to the organisation.

If you don't jump, you'll never fly. Elize

Can we motivate others?

No, we cannot. People motivate themselves.

What we can do, however, is inspire them to motivate themselves.

We can create a conducive environment which can be motivating.

Inspiration is changing thinking; Motivation is changing action.

Motivation is like fire unless you keep adding fuel to it, it dies. Just like food dont last long, neither does motivation.

Need:
In order to inspire people to motivate themselves, we need to understand their needs and wants. A need is a deficiency experienced by an individual. Eg: Less salary, Less marks.

Need Want Satisfaction Chain

Need
Satisfa Tension Action Wants -ction Give While Causes Resilts rise to give in rise to

Need create tension that stimulates drives with in the individual. The greater the tension, the higher the effort level. If these effort successfully leads to the satisfaction of the need, tension is reduced.

MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES
INDIVIDUAL
MASLOW - NEEDS
ALDERFERS ERG Mc Gregor Clayton Alderfer

WORK ORIENTED
HERZBERGS MODEL
Mc GREGORS X & Y XY Theory ERG Theory

MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS Human needs arrange themselves in hierarchies of pre-potency. That is to say, the appearance of one need usually rests on the prior satisfaction of another, more pre-potent need.

Man is wanting animal.

perpetually

MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF

NEEDS
MAN IS A WANTING BEING BEHAVIOUR IS MOTIVATED BY UNSATISFIED NEEDS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Abraham Maslow was a Clinical Psychologist who, in 1943 presented this theory. He argued that human beings are wanting animals. They have innate desires to satisfy a given set of needs.

Further more, Maslow believed these needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance, with the most basic need at the bottom of hierarchy.

MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

SA ESTEEM

SOCIAL SAFETY
PHYSIOLOGICAL

Your self-esteem must come from doing the work rather than from some hoped-for promotion, pay rise or other reward which may never materialise.

MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF

NEEDS
SELF ACTUALISATION

ESTEEM
SOCIAL SECURITY
PHYSIOLOGICAL
BASIC NEEDS OF SURVIVAL SELF I MAGE SELF RESPECT/ CONFIDENCE REPUTATION

REALISE POTENTIAL/ SELFFULFILLMENT

ECONOMIC & SOCIAL

EMOTIONALLY SUPPORTIVE RELATION SHIPS

MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

General Example
Achievement
Status
SA ESTEEM

Org Example
Challenging Job
Job Title

Friendship
Stability

SOCIAL Friends in Work Group SAFETY

PHYSIOLOGICAL

Pension Plan

Sustenance

Basic Salary

The 3 sets of needs at the bottom of the hierarchy are called deficiency needs or basic needs, because they must be satisfied for the individual to be fundamentally comfortable. The top two sets of need are termed growth needs or meta needs, because they focus on personal growth and development.

MOTIVATION OF A SOLDIER
WHEN HE JOINS DURING PEACE
SA ESTEEM SOCIAL SAFETY

DURING WAR
SELF-ACTUALISATION
ESTEEM SOCIAL SAFETY PHY

SA
ESTEEM

SOCIAL
SAFETY

PHYSIOLOGICAL

PHY

Abraham Maslow estimated that the average person in USA was satisfied 85% of physiological needs, 70% of safety needs, 50% of affiliative needs, 40% in his esteem needs, and 10% in

self-actulisation.

IS MONEY A MOTIVATOR ?

IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY..
MAY BE --- YES

Hertzberg Two-factor Theory

Hertzberg two-factor theory also known as motivation-hygiene theory of motivation was developed by Hertzberg (1959). He has given two kinds of factors- intrinsic or motivators and extrinsic or hygiene factor. According to Hertzberg these Hygiene factor/extrinsic factor lead to dissatisfaction whereas motivators/intrinsic factor lead to satisfaction.

Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory

Hygiene Factors Factors related to the jobs context

Motivators Factors related to the jobs content

Hygiene factors or Motivator factors or Extrinsic factor Intrinsic factor

Supervision Achievement

Company policy Working conditions

Salary

Recognition Work it
Responsibility

Interpersonal relationship Security

Growth and Advancement Challenging job

Motivation Factors
The motivation factor is the most important of the two sets of factors, because they directly affect a person's motivational drive to do a good job. According to Hertzberg, building motivation factors into a job produces job satisfaction. When these factors are present, they lead to superior performance and effort on the part of job incumbents. Motivation factors lead to positive mental health and challenge people to grow, contribute to the work environment, and invest themselves in the organization. When they are absent, the person will be de-motivated to perform well and achieve excellence.

Hygiene Factors
These factors relate to the context of the job and may be considered support factors. Job dissatisfaction occurs when the hygiene factors are either not present or not sufficient. They do not directly affect a person's motivation to work but influence the extent of the person's discontent. These factors cannot stimulate psychological growth or human development. Excellent hygiene factors result in employees' being not dissatisfied and contribute to the absence of complaints about these contextual considerations.

Compare Maslows Hierarchy of Needs with Hertzberg Two-factor Theory

SA ESTEEM Motivation Factors

SOCIAL
Hygiene Factors

SAFETY
PHYSIOLOGICAL

To those who say to stop dreaming and face reality, I say to keep dreaming and make reality