WELCOME

PC BASED SUBSTATION MONITORING AND CONTROLLING BY A.RAVIVARMA G.KUMAR K.SHIVA 09671A0210 09671A0238 09671A0259

CONTENTS
Abstract Introduction Working Principle Block diagram Individual block explanation Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion Future scope

ABSTRACT
This project deals with the substation monitoring and controlling. Various sensors sense important parameters like voltage,current and temperature and these are given to microcontroller through ADC. If any abnormal condition occurred in substation,automatically the system shutdown the substation.This message will be sent to PCs HyperTerminal through RS232 cable.

INTRODUCTION
This project designing an Embedded Systems which is used to monitor and control of substation by PC. This project uses regulated 5v,750mA power supply.7805 and 7812 three terminal voltage regulators are used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12v stepdown transformer.

WORKING PRINCIPLE
AT89S52 is the heart of the project. PC connected to microcontroller using MAX232.HyperTerminal receives the data from control circuit and sends as input to MCU The MCU verify with reference specifications, if the logged data is abnormal, grid control will be taken place.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

INDIVIDUAL BLOCK EXPLANATION 1.ATMEL 89S52

It is a low power,high performance CMOS 8 bit microcontroller. It is a 40pin dip. It has 4K bytes of in-system reprogrammable flash memory. Fully static operation: 0-24 MHz It has 128 bytes of internal RAM. 64 K of external program memory.

2.ADC
It is monolithic CMOS device with an 8 bit analog to digital converter. 28-pin molded chip carrier package. It has 0V to 5V input range with single 5V power supply. It consumes less power i.e 15mW.

3.MAX232
It is used as voltage level controller. The most commonly used RS-232 level converter is MAX-232

4.LCD
It is output device. It is a thin, flat display device made up of any number of color or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector. Some of the most common LCDs connected to the contollers are 16X1, 16x2 and 20x2 displays.

5.BUZZER
A buzzer or beeper is a signaling device. The word "buzzer" comes from the rasping noise that buzzers made when they were electromechanical devices, operated from stepped-down AC line voltage at 50 or 60 cycles

6.TRANSFORMER
It is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit. This is mainly works on the principal of FARADAYs LAWS OF ELECTROMAGNATIC INDUCTION PRINCIPLE. Two types of transformers are there: Step up,Step down Transformer ratings used in electronic devices are 9-0-9 12-0-12 18-0-18

7.RELAY
Is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of another electrical circuit. To detect and isolate faults on transmission and distribution lines by opening and closing circuit breakers.

8.ULN DRIVER
It is used an interface between microprocessor to relays. ULN2803 with a set of relays is a simple and effective way of switching mains voltages.

8.TEMPERATURE SENSOR(LM35)
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors. It has low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It has very low self-heating, less than 0.1C in still air. The LM35 is rated to operate over a -55 to +150C temperature range.

ADVANTAGES
It brings intangibles like safety to the system. It lead to much power efficiency and better decision systems. It is used by the various electricity boards in the country today. It brings the power system is stable for

DISADVANTAGES
It has very expensive parts. It is more complicated design. It requires well educated people to perform operation using PC.

CONCLUSION
In this project we overcome the drawback of existing system. Our project will monitor parameters like Low voltage ,High voltage,over load at various areas especially rural sites associated with the substation. Any problems in those areas will be automatically initiated to the substation using RF transmitter.

FUTURE SCOPE
With increased complexity, this device can be successfully used in any environment where fault detection is desired.

THANK YOU