Teleprotection

GRID
Technical Institute

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Teleprotection Media
PILOT WIRES PILOT CHANNEL
VOICE FREQUENCY

PROTECTION RELAY SCHEME

POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION CHANNEL

CARRIER FREQUENCY SHIFT

POWER LINE CARRIER

ON/OFF KEYED CARRIER

FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEX

RADIO TRANSMITTER

RADIO

DIGITAL

PCM PRIMARY MULTIPLEX

OPTICAL TRANSMITTER

OPTICAL FIBRE - GENERAL PURPOSE

OPTICAL FIBRE - DEDICATED

OPTICAL

PROTECTION SIGNALLING EQUIPMENT

COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT

TRANSMISSION MEDIA

Pilot Wire Schemes

Pilot Wire Signalling

DC or 50/60Hz directly applied to the pilot Examples

Translay S differential protection GCM05 intertripping

Intertripping in 70ms

Example Pilot Wire Scheme (GCM05)

Station Battery +Ve Protn. Send Station Battery -Ve

15kV Isolation

Separate 15kv Isolated Dry Cell Battery Bank

Filter
Rec.

Field pilot wires

Station Battery +Ve

15kV Isolation To Trip Receive relay

Block Diagram

Master/Slave Send Volt Adj.

Vx
Earth 50-150V I\Trip Send

DC/DC Converter Pilot Voltage Generation / Detection Circuitry

Isolation Filter Trf.

Pilot

20-50V I/Trip Receive

0V 2 x OptoCouplers Level Detectors I/Trip Faulty Alarm

Analogue Schemes

Analogue Telephony
Tone based intertripping SS25 FSK based intertripping HSDI 4kHz bandwidth Intertripping in 25ms

Analogue Power Line Carrier (PLC)

SCADA signalling (typ. 300 baud) Blocking
K10 P10 P547

Phase Comparison

Analog Intertripping
Functioning in voice frequency mode on Power line carrier or in pilot wire
Line trap
LT

Over Head Line

Line Trap
LT

Coupling capacitor

Services:
Control command SCADA

Line Matching (Phase to ground)

LMU5000

IP Phone

PABx/ IPBx

Management software for MICOM T390 and DIP 5000

MICOM T390

DIP5000

Pilot wire

Analogue Intertripping Typical Frequency Range

3000Hz Bandwidth from 300Hz to 3400Hz 2000Hz Bandwidth from 300Hz to 2400Hz 2*1600Hz Bandwidth from 300Hz to 2000Hz
2 commands
Channel bandwidth Guard frequency band (Rx) Guard frequency (Tx) 300 - 3400 Hz 3500/3800 Hz 3600 Hz 300 - 2400 Hz 2400/2650 Hz 2600 Hz 300 - 2000 Hz 2000/2300 Hz 2240 Hz 300 - 2000 Hz 3600/3800 Hz 3680 Hz

Command 1 frequency
Command 2 frequency

900 Hz
2100 Hz

400 Hz
1200 Hz

480 Hz
1120 Hz

480 Hz
1120 Hz 4 commands

Channel bandwidth

300 - 3400 Hz

300 - 2400 Hz

300 - 2000 Hz

300 - 2000 Hz

Guard frequency band (Rx)

Guard frequency (Tx) Command 1 frequency Command 2 frequency Command 3 frequency Command 4 frequency

3500/3800 Hz
3600 Hz 640 Hz 1280 Hz 1920 Hz 2560 Hz

2400/2650 Hz
2600 Hz 400 Hz 800 Hz 1200 Hz 1600 Hz

2000/2300 Hz
2240 Hz 480 Hz 800 Hz 1120 Hz 1440 Hz

3600/3800 Hz
3680 Hz 480 Hz 800 Hz 1120 Hz 1440 Hz

Analog Intertripping Typical End-End Timing

Digital Schemes

The Introduction of Fibre

Earth wire optical fibre
Multiplexer

34Mbit/s 64k bits/s Telephone Telecontrol

Teleprotection

Digital current differential protection

With integral intertripping

Digital Physical Link - OPGW

OPGW

Interfacing to PCM Multiplexers

P591/2 interface unit 850nm multimode optical fibre

Multiplexer G.703 or V.35 electrical

P593 interface unit

ISDN X.21 electrical

Interfacing Direct Fibre Optic to Multiplexers

IEEE C37.94

Direct connection - no interface! Multiplexer

850nm multimode optical fibre

Multiplexed Communication Architecture

Radio link

DXC5000

DXC5000

Analog or Digital

DIP5000

Analog or Digital

Management system DIP 5000

Fiber optic
Multiplexer

Teleprotection: The Triangle

Speed Permissive Blocking

faster

slower low high high

Security

Direct Intertrip

Dependability

Choose the optimum channel response for teleprotection

Digital Intertripping Variation of Timings with Data Rate

The DIP5000 supports the following standards:

G703.1 @ 64 kbps G703.6 @ 2048 kbps V11/X24 @ 32 to 256 kbps

The End