Computer Languages

Machine Language
The lowest-level programming language Machine languages are the only languages understood by computers. While easily understood by computers, machine languages are almost impossible for humans to use because they consist entirely of numbers.

Machine Language
Programs written in high-level languages are translated into machine language by a compiler. Sometimes referred to as machine code or object code, machine language is a collection of binary digits or bits that the computer reads and interprets. Machine language is the only language a computer is capable of understanding.

Machine Language

Machine Language
Programmers commonly use more English-like languages (called high level languages) such as Basic, C, Java, etc., to write programs which are then translated into machine language (called a low level language) by an assembler, compiler, or interpreter.

Assembly Language
A program written in assembly language consists of a series of instructions mnemonics that correspond to a stream of executable instructions, when translated by an assembler, that can be loaded into memory and executed.

 An assembly language is a low-level programming language for computers, microprocessors, microcontrollers, and other programmable devices.

 It implements a symbolic representation of the machine codes and other constants needed to program a given CPU architecture.

This representation is usually defined by the hardware manufacturer, and is based on mnemonics

Assembly Language Program

MOV AX, 47104 MOV DS, AX MOV [3998], 36 INT 32

Assembly Language
Transforming assembly into machine language is accomplished by an assembler

High Level Language

A programming language such as C, FORTRAN, or Pascal that enables a programmer to write programs that are more or less independent of a particular type of computer. Such languages are considered high-level because they are closer to human languages and further from machine languages.

High Level Language

In contrast, assembly languages are considered low-level because they are very close to machine languages. A computer language whose instructions or statements each
correspond to several machine language instructions, designed to make coding easier.

Also known as higher-level language; higherorder language.

High Level Language

The main advantage of high-level languages over low-level languages is that they are
easier to read, write, and maintain.

Ultimately, programs written in a high-level language must be translated into machine language by a compiler or interpreter.

High Level Language

The first high-level programming languages were designed in the 1950s. Now there are dozens of different languages, including Ada, Algol, BASIC, COBOL, C, C++, FORTRAN, LISP, Pascal, and Prolog.

Assembler
An assembler converts basic computer instructions (Assembly Language) into a pattern of bits which can be easily understood by the computer and the processor can use it to perform its basic operations.

Assembler
Some people call these instructions assembler language and others use the term assembly language.

Compiler
A compiler is a computer program (or set of programs) that transforms source code written in a programming language (the source language) into another computer language (the target language, often having a binary form known as object code). The most common reason for wanting to transform source code is to create an executable program.

Compiler
Compiler converts the entire source code into object code at once which can be then executed by the user This object code can then be executed multiple times by the user During execution the compiler is not required

Interpreter
Converts High Level language into Machine Code Line by line execution of the source code Reads source code line by line->Converts into machine readable form->executes the line>proceeds to next line

Application Software
Software used for accomplishing a specific task is the Application software Maybe a single program or set of programs